Important People | Biological Changes | Personality Approaches | Work Patterns of Midlife Adults | Risk Factors |
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Carl Jung
Psychoanalyst who proposed ideas of differentiation and individuation within personality
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skins sags & wrinkles, sun spots, dry skin, thinner/greyer hair, hair in unwanted places (ears, chin), body build changes, height loss, weight gain
List changes in physical appearance (at least three)
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Human Agency Approach
This approach is consistent with humanistic models of personality that see middle adulthood as an opportunity for continued growth
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True. Economy changes lead to job instability that leads to career disruption.
True or False: There is greater job mobility among middle-aged workers.
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good early social/lang/phys. development, stable maternal employment, nurturing community, good problem-solving skills, access to social support, sense of belonging, edu/work expectations, maturity
List at least two protective factors that could affect adjustment in young adulthood
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Erik Erikson
The major focus of this psychologists theory is identity, where he never explicitly defines it but distinguishes a sense of self from other people that endures over time
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loss of muscle -> loss of strength, loss of bone mineral -> more brittle bones, cartilage in joints degenerate -> stopping ease of movement
List at least one change in mobility
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Trait Approach
This approach includes the Big Five-Neuroticism, Extroversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, & Openness to Experience
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Greater. The decision to retire is now more driven by health and financial status.
Pick One: (Less/Greater) variability in the timing of retirement.
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nurturing caregiver, emotional support, continuing education, military service, good marriage, religious conversion, survival despite life threatening illness/accident
List at least two protective factors that could affect adjustment in middle adulthood
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Daniel Levinson
Name this psychologist: Early Adult Transition: Age 17-22 -> Mid Life Transition: Age 40-45 -> Late Adult Transition: Age 60-65 = Seasons of Adulthood
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Women-egg cells deplete, ovarian hormone production slows, lose capacity to conceive children, menopause
Men- testes shrink, seminal fluid declines, testosterone declines, orgasm/erections decrease
Name at least two changes in reproductive system/sexuality for each sex
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Life Narrative Approach
For this approach, adults draw on stories from childhood and culture to construct identity but it changes as new experiences occur
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True. "Bridge jobs" make the transition into retirement easier for some.
True or False: Some middle-aged workers leave a career for a lesser paying "bridge job".
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Men-excessive number of stressful events, living with alcoholic/mentally ill father, substance abuse
Women-sibling death, living with alcoholic/mentally ill father, conflicted relationship with mom
List at least one risk factor for each sex that could affect adjustment in young adulthood
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Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
This psychologist coined the term "emerging adulthood" and defined it as a developmental phase that happens between the ages of 18 & 25 for people in industrialized societies
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True. Those who have accumulated resources over time are more likely to have the resources to go back for more education in middle adulthood.
True or False: Workers who received education prior to their midlife years are MORE likely than their less educated peers to attain more education in middle adulthood.
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perinatal trauma, small birth weight, early childhood poverty, child health probs, probs in early schooling, parental alcoholism/mental illness, adolescent health probs
List at least two risk factors that could affect adjustment in middle adulthood
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