Inpatients are Different | Target glucose | Insulin Management | Diet | Standing orders and practices |
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What is "Inpatients are Sicker"
This is the key difference between most outpatient and inpatient diabetics.
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What is the target glucose for a well diabetic at home?
70-110 mg/dL
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What is :"basal insulin"
The normal pancreas makes this every moment of every day, sick or well, eating or not.
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What is "Patients often eat fewer carbs in the hospital?"
Home insulin regimens should be evaluated and often changed on admission because of this.
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What is "Provide a source of glucose for all patients who are NPO?"
Hypoglycemic events in Radiology can be prevented by this.
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What is "The Liver"
In a healthy diabetic glucose stores are kept in this organ
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What is 140-180 mg/dL
The target glucose for inpatients
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What is "nutritional (bolus) insulin?"
The normal pancreas responds to a meal but releasing a surge if this.
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What is "counting carbohydrates eaten"?
This task is key to effectively determining the amount of nutritional insulin needed for each meal.
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What is "Central/PICC line coming out accidentally?"
Allowing nurses to start peripheral lines with D10 helps prevent hypoglycemia when the happens.
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What is "12-16 hours"?
Healthy diabetics can store glucose reserves for this many hours.
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What is "The lowest glucose for which correction insulin is administered?"
An easy way to find out a patient's target glucose
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What is "correction insulin"?
The normal pancreas never needs this category of insulin often needed in the hospital.
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What is "the patient"?
This resource is often underused in the management of inpatient diabetes
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What is "Auto reduction of basal/bolus insulin whenever glucose is < 70 mg/dL"?
Standing orders that allow for this help prevent recurrence of hypoglycemic events.
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What is "Zero"?
Diabetics who are sick may have glucose reserves this low.
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What is "70"?
This level represents a blood glucose halfway between target and zero.
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What is "basal insulin"?
EVERY patient in the hospital whose glucose can not be controlled < 180-220 mg/dL at all times should be receiving this.
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What is "15 minutes before eating to 15 minutes after eating?"
Nutritional insulin should be administered during this window related to food intake.
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What is "Interview the patient to find out at what glucose they feel "low", and what works for them to quickly return their glucose to normal?"
Routinely documenting this on admission can breed patient trust and reduce hypoglycemia.
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What is "Staff?" There glycogen stores are too low so they cannot rescue themselves from their liver, and they do n ot have ready access to high carbohydrate snacks.
When sick diabetics get hypoglycemia they are usually rescued only this way
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What are "infections, longer LOS?"
Inpatient glucoses above 220 mg/dL can cause these bad outcomes.
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What is "sliding scale insulin alone"?
This management strategy is outdated by > 20 years and leads to the most common hypo and hyper glycemic events, and should be abandoned!
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What is "One person does the POCT, one gives the insulin, one delivers the meal?"
This division of labor creates challenges in coordinating meals and insulin.
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What are "Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Insulin Pump Delivery"
Modern diabetes management can be done by many patients even better than by hospitals by using these 2 tools.
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