Mutations | Restriction Enzymes | PCR | Gel Electrophoresis | Lac & Trp Operons |
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What is a mutation in which a base pair is altered but the resulting amino acid stays the same called?
Silent mutation
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What is the function of a restriction enzyme?
Restriction enzymes cut DNA into smaller segments
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What, specifically, is done during the denaturing stage to separate DNA strands in a PCR reaction?
Temperature is increased to around 95°C
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What is gel electrophoresis used for?
Gel electrophoresis is used to analyze DNA fragments based on their size
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What is a mutation in which a base pair is added or deleted called?
Frameshift mutation
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Where are restriction enzymes found?
Restriction enzymes are found naturally in bacteria
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What, specifically, is done during the annealing stage to allow for primers to anneal to the ends of the target sequence?
Temperature is dropped to 55°C
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What is a mutation in which a stop codon is coded instead of a regular amino acid called?
Nonsense mutation
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What, specifically, is done during the extending stage to allow for taq polymerase to perform DNA replication?
Temperature is raised again to 72°C
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What is a mutation in which a single nucleotide is altered resulting in a new amino acid called?
Missense mutation
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What are the 5 things required for a PCR reaction to take place?
Target sequence, DNA primers, free nucleotides, heat-stable polymerase (taq polymerase), and a buffer
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What are the two different types of missense mutations?
Conservative: basic, & Nonconservative: polar
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What are the 7 things required for a gel electrophoresis experiment to take place?
A buffer, a power source, a tray with an anode & cathode, a DNA sample, a ladder, ethidium bromide, and gel
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