photosynthetic dinoflagellates that can be found in the tissues of corals and many other marine invertebrates.

the study of the characteristics, origin and development of landforms

Beagle, British naval vessel aboard which Charles Darwin served as naturalist on a voyage to South America and around the world

the gradual wearing away of a coral reef by the action of living organisms (bioerosion) and physical factors, such as storms

hard corals capable of reef-building

a reef close to and surrounding newer volcanic islands or that borders continental landmasses

has been a serious threat to corals in the Indo-Pacific region for the last 50 years.

soft corals that do not build reefs

a reef separated by a lagoon from the land mass with which it is associated

changes in global or regional climate patterns, especially changes that have been seen since the late 20th century

stinging cells

a coral reef somewhat circular in shape with a central lagoon

a reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period time, caused primarily by uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

the loss of symbiotic algae from the tissues of corals as a result of environmental factors

small, isolated reef usually located within the lagoon of a barrier reef

is only meant to stun larger fish for easier catching