| Chapter 19 Nutrition and Liver Disease | Chapter 20 Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 21 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases | Chapter 22 Nutrition and Renal Diseases | Chapter 23 Nutrition, Cancer, and HIV Infection |
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Avoid alcohol
What is the nutrition therapy for hepatitis?
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Cardiovascular disease
Leading cause of death in people with diabetes
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Hardening and narrowing of the arterial lumen. This makes it more likely that a clot can easily block it. Plaque from atherosclerosis is made up of fibrous connective tissue. Smoking increases the risk for atherosclerosis.
What is the definition of atherosclerosis?
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Most common cause is diabetes.
Classified by GFR (glomerular filtration rate).
What is the most common cause of CKD and what lab value is used to classify the stages?
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Patient autonomy
A patient’s right to make decisions concerning his or her own well-being is called:
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Ascites is fluid accumulation in the abdomen exacerbated by low plasma albumin levels. Patients should restrict their intake of sodium.
What is ascites & what is the nutrition therapy for ascites?
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Infant macrosomia
Uncontrolled diabetes during pregnancy can lead to
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High refined carbohydrate intake.
Triglycerides increase due to consumption of
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0.6-0.75g/kg/day
What are the protein needs for later stage CKD
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Avoid irritating foods such as citrus fruits or tomato juice.
What are nutrition tips for mouth sores?
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Due to the stress of surgery, patients may require extra protein in their post-op diet. Also, food safety is important because of the immunosuppressant medications.
What is the nutrition therapy for a liver transplant?
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They stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreas.
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylureas
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Reduced sodium intake. Increase fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
General guidelines for the DASH diet
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Vitamin C
Supplemental _____ among patients with chronic kidney disease should be limited to 70 mg per day because excessive intakes can contribute to kidney stone formation in those at risk.
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Brush teeth and wash mouth with mouthwash before eating
What are nutrition tips for taste changes?
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Liver cannot convert ammonia to urea
Why do blood ammonia levels rise in liver disease?
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Polyuria is excessive urine production. When the plasma glucose concentration rises above about 200mg.dL, it exceeds the renal threshold, the concentration at which the kidneys begin to pass glucose into the urine.
What is the definition of polyuria and at what glucose concentration do the kidneys begin to pass glucose into urine?
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Limit saturated fat to less than 7% of your calories.
Increase plant sterols to interfere with cholesterol and bile absorption.
What is the nutrition therapy for elevated LDL cholesterol?
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Reduce the risk by drinking 12 or more cups of fluids per day. Foods that are high in oxalate include spinach, black beans, and chocolate.
What can be done to help prevent kidney stones? What are 3 foods containing oxalate?
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Associated with intake of processed meats
Colon cancer is associated with the intake of what type of foods?
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Insulin resistance
Non-alcoholic fatty liver causes
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The A1C test—also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test—is a simple blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months.
Goal <7%
What is HbA1c and what would be an appropriate HbA1c goal for someone with type 2 diabetes?
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Assess for a person’s risk for CHD and should be done every 5 years beginning at age 20
When should lipoprotein profiles be assessed?
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Develops due to damage to the glomeruli. Sodium and protein should be restricted.
Why does nephrotic syndrome develop and what is the nutrition therapy for nephrotic syndrome?
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Most likely to produce complications that lead to tube feeding
Head and neck cancer is most likely to produce complications that lead to
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