"Sudden Infant Death Syndrome" typically kills infants who are at least 2 months old and seemingly healthy. The term is more a description after the fact than a diagnosis of cause.

A considerable portion of infants’ knowledge of the world is built upon their developing perceptual skills.

- Provides adequate energy
- From birth to one year of age, infants triple their weight and increase their length by 50%
- Nutritionists recommend that infants consume approximately 100 calories/day per kilogram they weigh

The term used to refer to the separation or loss of the mother and/or primary caregivers as well as failure to develop an attachment.

A single word that represents an entire sentence (used by infants while learning language).

The root cause of SIDS is still unknown. In all probability, SIDS results from a combination of factors: characteristics of the mother, characteristics of birth, situation at death, and sleeping conditions ie. soft bedding.

Categorization, Object and perceptual constancy, Object permanence & memory

- Develop a secure attachment with the infant.
- Be sure that both the mother and the father nurture the infant.
- Select competent daycare.
- Understand and respect the infant's temperament.
- Adapt to developmental changes in the infant.
- Be physically and mentally healthy.

This occurs when there is a failure to form an attachment to any individual, perhaps because the child has a series of different caregivers or family discord prevents the development of attachment to any figure. Privated children do not show distress when separated from a familiar figure, which indicates a lack of attachment.

Retains 200 percent attention of both parents. May become rival of one parent. Can be overprotected and spoiled./ Likes being the centre of adult attention. Often has difficulty sharing with siblings and peers. Prefers adult company and uses adult language.

Psychodynamic, Behavioural, Cognitive, Humanistic, Evolutionary & Sociocultural

A pattern of growth where a newborn's head is about 1/4 of its body length.

Microsystems – the systems that intimately and immediately shape human development (ie. mom, immediate family)
Mesosytems – Interactions among the microsystems, as when parents and teachers coordinate their efforts to educate the child (ie. daycare, play dates etc)

Children who are securely attached are generally happy and trusting. They are attached to their parent or caregiver and enjoy being with them, but are secure enough to explore the world.

Is "sandwiched" in. May feel squeezed out of a position of privilege and significance./May be even-tempered, "take it or leave it" attitude. May have trouble finding a place or become a fighter of injustice.

Physical: crawling to walking
Cognitive: language development
Socioemotional: emotions, socialization, attachment, and independence, beginnings of personality.

Another growth pattern that has the head and torso growing before the arms, legs, hands, and feet.

Exosystems – includes all the external networks, such as community structures and local educational, medical, employment, and communications systems, that influence the microsystems (ie. access to medical care)
Macrosystems – includes cultural values, political philosophies, economic patterns, and social conditions (ie. socioeconomic influences)

An ambivalent style in childhood is characterized by high levels of anxiety and insecurity. Children with this attachment style may seem clingy, and more frequently seek the attention of their parent or caregiver, yet may reject that attention when it is offered.

babbling – six to nine months, first words understood – six to nine months, growth of receptive language – 300 words or more by age 2, growth of spoken vocabulary – reaches 200 – 275 words by age 2, An infant’s first words are usually holophrastic – a single word can be used to imply a whole sentence, At about 12 – 24 months, infants speak in two word utterances.

Reflexes that maintain oxygen supply: hiccups, sneezes, and thrashing to escape something that covers the face
2. Reflexes that maintain constant body temperature: when infants are cold, they cry, shiver, and tuck in their legs close to their bodies; when they are hot, they try to push away blankets and then stay still
3. Reflexes that manage feeding: the sucking reflex, the rooting reflex, swallowing, and spitting up are all reflex actions that assist in getting nutrition

Stage One (birth to one month): Reflexes - sucking, grasping, staring, and listening
Stage Two (1 to 4 months): Acquired adaptations - assimilation and coordination of reflexes
Stage Three (4 to 8 months): Awareness of things – responding to people and objects
Stage Four (8 to 12 months): New adaptation and anticipation
Stage Five (12 to 18 months): Active experimentation
Stage Six (12 to 24 months): Mental combinations – considering before acting

Unoccupied, Solitary, Onlooker, Parallel, Associative, Cooperative

What isFormed when a caregiver neglects an infant. This child avoids interactions with others and is fearful. Their behaviour won’t change whether their caregiver is there or not. Children with a disorganized attachment style often seem to struggle with managing their emotions.

Newborns can see and may be able to differentiate between red and white, but an adult-like color system does not occur until 2 months of age.

At 2 days: infants look longer at patterned stimuli.

At 3 months: perceptual constancies such as size, shape, and brightness are present.

At 6 months: depth perception can be evident.