What was Copernicus's most famous theory regarding the solar system?

He argued for natural rights, including life, liberty, and property

A cultural and intellectual movement that began in Italy when there was a "rebirth" interest in art, literature, science, and humanism, drawing inspiration

What theory did Copernicus' heliocentric theory challenge?

He proposed the concept of the separation of powers within government: legislative, executive, and judicial.

An event that brings about a rapid, drastic change in society.

How did the church react to Copernicus theory?

A prominent advocate for freedom of speech, religious tolerance, and separation of church and state.

A model of the solar system in which the Sun is at the center of the universe

How did Galileo's observations through the telescope support the heliocentric model?

He argued that people are cruel, greedy, and selfish- as a result government (law) protects people from each other.

This marked a shift from traditional, religious explanations of the natural world to a reliance on empirical evidence and experimentation.

How did Newton's theory of gravity explain the movement of celestial bodies?

He believed that people were naturally good, but were corrupted by society and that unequal distribution of property was an especially great evil of society

Intellectuals who emerged during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe, advocating for reason, science, individual rights, and progress.