Those who feel rejected, angry, self-conscious, or suffer from depression

Rejection, ineffective, or abusive parenting

Believed that human aggression and violence are produced by 2 instinctual drives

Constantly exposed to violence at home, at school, or in the environment

More common in urban areas than in rural areas

Victimization, social isolation, drug and alcohol abuse

Signs of persistent violence

An instinct that drives people toward self-fulfillment and enjoyment

Children who reported exposure to violence displayed

Attributed high violence rates in urban areas to a subculture of violence

Frequent focus on morbid, violent, or destructive movies, video games, books, etc

Seriously abused youth are often

Expressed eternally or internally

perception of danger contributes to

Norms and customs that legitimize and expect the use of violence to resolve social conflicts