This refers to economic policies or actions aimed at accumulating resources, usually through trade, colonization, and the acquisition of valuable goods.

the spread of cultural elements, such as ideas, beliefs, technologies, customs, and languages, from one society or community to another.

This refers to the Americas, including North and South America, discovered by Europeans during the Age of Exploration.

This concept refers to the idea that a monarch's authority comes directly from a higher power such as a deity/ a god.

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

This had a devastating impact on indigenous populations during European exploration and colonization due to the lack of immunity.

This involves converting individuals or societies to Christianity, spreading Christian beliefs, values, and practices.

This involves the ownership and exploitation of individuals as property, often forced into labor without personal freedoms.

This comprises Europe, Asia, and Africa—continents known to the people of Europe before the discovery of the Americas.

This involves the acquisition of territories for economic or strategic reasons.

These cash crops were particularly important in the economies of European colonies, often cultivated using slave labor.

A political group of territories under a single ruling authority.

This is the establishment, maintenance, and expansion of colonies in one territory by people from another territory.

This is is a crop grown for sale and profit rather than for personal consumption. It is often cultivated on a large scale for export.

This refers to the period when European powers explored, mapped, and established trade routes to various parts of the world.