Anatomy | Brain Things | Monitoring | Receptor Agonists/Antagonists | More Brain Stuff |
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What is the parasympathetic nervous system
Preganglionic cell bodies originate in the brainstem and sacral spinal cord segments
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What is Glutamate
The most ubiquitous neurotransmitter in the brain
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What are sensory evoked potentials (SEP)
Event related, pathway specific EEG activity generated in response to an electrical stimulus applied to the median nerve
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What is esmolol
Beta blocker administered with a short half life permitting a trial of Beta blockade
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What is isoflurane
Unique among inhalation anesthetics with the capacity to induce an isoelectric EEG at 2 MAC
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What are baroreceptors
Pressure sensors that react to alterations in stretch in the aortic arch, carotid sinuses
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What is the Circle of Willis
The system of cerebral vessels providing collateralization
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What are motor evoked potentials (MEP)
Electromyographic potentials recovered over muscles the hand or foot in response to depolarization of the motor cortex
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What is nicardipine
The only calcium channel blocker that can be titrated intravenously to achieve BP response
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What is Nitrous Oxide
Contraindicated as part of an anesthetic technique in a patient for "bring back" craniotomy
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What are venous baroreceptors
Samples preload by stretch of the right atrium
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What are calcium channel blockers
Not true pharmacologic calcium antagonists
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What is auditory brain stem response (BAEP)
This SEP modality has also been used to reflect brain stem integrity during posterior fossa surgery
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What is dexmedetomidine
A more selective alpha 2 agonist than clonidine providing sedation, lowered BP and HR
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What is EEG beta activity
Dominates awake EEG activity at 13-30 Hz
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What is blood pressure
Blood flow x cerebral vascular resistance =
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What is the artery of Adamkiewicz
Typically joins the anterior spinal artery in the lower thoracic region providing blood to the choracolumbar cord
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What is SSEP
Mode of monitoring best accomplished using an intravenous anesthetic or < 1 MAC inhalation anesthetic
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What is Central Anticholinergic Syndrome
Undesirable side effect due to excessive stimulation of brain muscarinic ACh receptors
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What are muscle spindles
Their increased activity raises ICP due to increased cerebral afferent input
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What is the hypothalmus
The principal site of the autonomic nervous system organization
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What are the Pons and Medulla oblongata
Vital centers of acute autonomic nervous system
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What is the BAEP
Evidence that the earliest component (neural generator) of this waveform originates in the brainstem nuclei is peak III
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What is isoproterenol
A chemical pacemaker in third degree block until an artificial pacemaker can be inserted
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TCD sonography
The middle cerebral artery velocity waveform can measure relative quantitative changes in cerebral blood flow
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