This helped produce cloth much more efficiently. Instead of working each spool by hand, workers were able to work eight or more at once.

Before this inventors cotton gin went into circulation, workers (usually slaves) had to clean cotton by hand.

This method prevents bacteria from contaminating
certain foods and making people sick. Today, we use it on milk, wine, and other foods.

The Civil War was raging in the East while this railroad was being built.

This noted actor and assassin escaped into Maryland, but was hunted down and killed by Union soldiers.

A simple device used to separate cotton seeds from raw cotton.

Although he didn’t technically invent the electric telegraph, since many others had claimed to invent the first electric telegraph by 1838, he was the first to get federal funding for the invention.

Construction and mining companies, as well as the military, made use of this invention by Alfred Nobel.

He is remembered as one of the best Confederate officers who fought under Robert E. Lee. He won his
fame and his nickname at the First Battle of Bull Run where, against incredible odds, he held his men in a strong line.

It freed all blacks throughout the Union. (The Emancipation Proclamation had freed those only in the Confederacy.)

Thomas Edison invented and patented the first practical application of this invention in New Jersey in 1880. It improved upon earlier designs by using a carbon filament which made it last much longer and didn’t require a high electric current to operate.

The blacksmith who invented the steel plow in Illinois in 1837.

In the 1870’s,this company became the world’s first and largest manufacturer of denim jeans. Jeans have been popular as work and leisure apparel ever since.

Ulysses Grant’s nickname.

This term means that an army seeks to destroy not only the soldiers of an opposing army, but the means of
supply to the enemy as well.

Prior to this invention, a weaver was required on each side of a broad-cloth loom, now one weaver alone could do the job of two.

The phonograph was a device that could record and play sounds. This inventor created he first one in New Jersey in 1877.

This invention made it possible for individuals to print letters on paper by machine. The inventor, Christopher Sholes, also created the QWERTY keyboard, based on the frequency of use of letters in the English language, which is still in use today.

It gave citizenship to blacks and ensured that all federal and state laws would apply equally to blacks and whites. Additionally, it barred former federal and state officeholders who had supported the Confederacy from holding high political office again.

South Carolina (December 20, 1860), Mississippi
(January 9, 1861), Florida (January 10, 1861), Alabama (January 11, 1861), Georgia (January 19, 1861), Louisiana (January 26, 1861), and Texas (February 1, 1861).

The process of heating coal above 600 degrees Celsius in the absence of oxygen to produce coke, a solid fuel with a high carbon content, which is then used to smelt iron.

He created the first reliable steam engine in 1775, and his invention would literally change the world. His innovation blew the older less efficient models, like the Newcomen engine, out of the water.

This man proved that introducing weakened microbes to a body would allow the body to develop an immunity; he called this method vaccination.

April 9, 1865

The derogatory name for the Alaska purchase.