| Order in an Unequal Society | Class Inequality | Capitalist Democracies | Globalization | Social Movements |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What is no relationship?
The violent crime rate and incarceration rate in the U.S. have what kind of relationship in recent history?
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What is caste?
A mixture of ascribed and achieved status make up class. This is only composed of ascribed status.
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What is demand constraint?
This theory suggests that what is good for capital is good for us all.
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What are hyperglobalists?
While skeptics believe Globalization is overstated, with states remaining primary actors and limited internationalization, this group believes globalization has a deep history and is leading to the end of the state and a universal global market. Transformationalists fall somewhere in between.
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What is resource mobilization?
This approach to studying social movements differs from the political opportunity and relative deprivation approaches in its emphasis on how movements acquire and use resources.
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What is Broken Windows policing?
This theory of policing suggests that neighborhood "disorder" leads to more serious crimes.
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What is social closure?
The process by which groups try to maintain exclusive control over some resource.
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What is job polarization?
While jobs are destroyed in the middle, more are created in low- and high-income strata.
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What is time-space compression?
Processes that seem to accelerate the experience of time and reduce the significance of distance during a given historical moment are called this.
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What are new social movements?
A type of social movement that is less concerned with economic or political issues, instead attempting to increase social recognition of and advance the interests of marginalized groups.
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What is the military?
According to Lepore, this U.S. institution has influenced policing throughout U.S. history.
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What are individual attributes, opportunity hoarding, and exploitation/domination?
The three theories Wright and Rogers observe that are generally used to explain class inequality.
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What is first past the post?
Would also accept: What is winner take all?
Election rules in U.S. democracy. For example: Three candidates, one gets 34% of the vote, the other two each gets 32% of the vote. The first candidate is elected.
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What is WWII?
One of the key factors of the modern interstate system, sovereignty became less rigid following this international event.
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What is social revolution?
In "The Future of Revolutions" Foran distinguishes this from a political revolution by drawing on Sokpol's definition.
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What are labor suppression and slave patrols?
In "History of Policing in the United States" Gary Potter argues that modern policing originates from these two practices.
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What is the middle class?
Opportunity hoarding, especially education, helps explain the formation of this social class.
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What are feeling rules?
According to Hochschild, these guidelines for emotional expression in social situations exist for us all. However, when emotions become commodified meeting these guidelines on the job becomes emotional labor.
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What is the Juridification of international law?
This accounts for increases in the number of international legal institutions.
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What are disruptive techniques?
Contentious politics refers to the use of this type of tactics in order to create political leverage.
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What are low information and high discretion?
Would also accept: What is statistical discrimination?
In contexts that have these two qualities, individuals tend to rely on stereotypes for decision-making.
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What are loss of signal function of feeling and loss of signal function of display?
Hochschild argues that regardless of whether individuals are successful or unsuccessful in their "transmuation" of emotions into a commodity, there is a "cost." She names these two potential "costs" of emotional labor.
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What is the shift from Fordism to post-Fordism?
Would also accept: What is deindustrialization?
This shift in U.S. economic organization is responsible for the "breaking" of the class compromise whereby even "low-skill" jobs paid a liveable wage.
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Skeptics help explain globalization as political discourse. Hyperglobalists point to the large concentrations of economic power in global markets and changing character of state power. And Transformationalists show the state is changing but it isn’t going away. They account for globalization's long history and periods of deglobalization globalization has a long history with periods of deglobalization. Finally, the show globalization is dynamic and open: no certain results.
Professor Conti argues that the skeptics, hyperglobalists, and transformationalists can be successfully combined to explain globalization in this way.
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What are cultural and institutional authority?
Snow et al. argue that social movements may either challenge or defend these two types of authority.
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