These are two reasons for Shabbat in the Torah.

Moving a frozen dough.

This area was created by the rabbis to avoid confusion.

Fixing a bent knife

Digging a pit for the dirt.

This is the principle from which we learn that melacha must be a function of intelligent design.

Tying a fisherman's net.

Carrying 4 amot in a רשות הרבים is אסור according to Torah law or rabbinic law.

Melting candles.

Detaching apples from the tree with your elbow.

This is the number of אמות beyond which we cannot walk outside of the town/house in which we begin Shabbat.

Pushing your car into the driveway.

A field is an example of which רשות.

Picking out watermelon seeds.

Intending to pull one flower out of ground, but by accident grabbing hold and pulling out a different one.

These two conditions MUST be present in order for there to be a דאורייתא violation of הוצאה on Shabbat.

Moving your violin into the closet.

This is the law of carrying from a רשות היחיד to a מקום פטור.

Cutting fingernails.

Moving a heavy bench over soft mud.

This is the relationship between אבות and תולדות.

Turning on the flame under a raw egg.

Times Square is an example of this רשות.

Collecting detached apples in the field.

Gently brushing hair with soft brush.