Must be formed in nature, must be solid, must be non living, and must have a crystalline structure.

A rock is a naturally occurring mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter.

The oceanic crust is denser than the continental crust, 5-7 km thick, and rich in the elements oxygen, silicon, and aluminum.

The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass supercontinent, called Pangaea, and eventually broke apart and drifted to their current locations.

Plate tectonics is the theory that explains how tectonic plates (large pieces of the lithosphere) move and change shape.

The color test, streak test, hardness test, luster test, cleavage/fracture test, density test, conductivity test, structure test, and special properties test (fluorescence, taste, magnetism, etc.)

The rock cycle is the continual process by which new rock forms from old rock material.

The crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core.

Alfred Wegener created the theory of Continental Drift.

A plate boundary is an area where two tectonic plates meet.

Metallic, submetallic, and nonmetallic.

A sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rock must go through heat and pressure in order to become a metamorphic rock.

The lithosphere, the asthenosphere, the mesosphere, the outer core, and the inner core.

Similar plant and animal fossil remains found on different continents, sea-floor spreading, and magnetic role reversals.

First, a rift valley is created. Magma rises to take up the empty space, and, eventually, a volcano is formed.

Cleavage is when a mineral breaks along visible plains or edges. Fracture os when a mineral breaks along uneven plains or edges.

An igneous, metamorphic, or other sedimentary rock must go through weathering and erosion, turning it into sediments. Then, they must go through compaction and cementation in order to form a sedimentary rock.

Tectonic plates are pieces of the lithosphere that fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. They float on the asthenosphere due to convection currents.

Sea-floor spreading is the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises to the surface and solidifies at a mid-ocean ridge.

The three types of plate boundaries are convergent boundaries, divergent boundaries, and transform boundaries.

A compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements, joined by chemical bonds.

A clastic sedimentary rock contains small fragments and bits of other rock and is cemented together by calcite or quartz.

The core is studied with seismographs from earthquakes.

The sea-floor is the youngest at a mid-ocean ridge and the oldest at a continent or landmass.

Convection currents cause tectonic plates to move. Dense rocks at the bottom of the mantle melt and become less dense, so they rise to the top of the mantle. There, they cool and scrape the tectonic plates as they move by. Since they have cooled, they are