This terms means that a nation or state can make its own laws and decisions without being controlled by outside powers.

This involves a country expanding its power and control over other countries or territories, often by force.

A boundary that existed before people started settling in the area. It often follows natural features.

This refers to the natural landscape, such as mountains, rivers, or islands, that can separate regions within a country.

A country where the majority of people share a common culture, language, and identity, and the government rules over a defined territory.

A meeting held in 1884-1885 where European countries decided how to divide Africa into colonies without involving African leaders.

A boundary that is established after people have already settled in the area.

This occurs when a specific ethnic group wants to break away from a larger political entity to form its own independent state.

A group of people who share common cultural traits but do not have their own independent country.

If different groups in a country are in conflict because of their cultural identities, it can weaken the unity of the state. This is an example of:

A boundary that is placed over an existing cultural or ethnic landscape, often without regard for the people living there.

This involves the forced removal or killing of people from a specific ethnic group, often to create a more homogenous region.

A part of a country that has some level of self-government while it is still under the control of the main government.

A shared language creates a sense of unity and helps the country function smoothly. This is an example of:

A boundary that no longer exists as a political or legal division but still has an impact on the cultural landscape, for example, the Berlin Wall.

This refers to violent acts that can be a result of a group’s desire for independence or more control over its region.

A stateless-nation in Spain where the natives have their own distinct language, culture, and identity, but they do not have an independent country and are called Catalans.

A period of tension and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union (and their allies) after World War II.

A boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing cultural or ethnic differences. It is often created to settle a dispute, a conflict or after an agreement.

This occurs when a group of people who share cultural, ethnic, or historical ties with a neighboring country want to join that country or claim territory from it.