gas exchange between cells,blood and the atmosphere

The passive phase

one complete cycle of forced inspiration and forced expiration

12-20

High pressure to low pressure

bound with hemoglobin

The thoracic cavity pressure increases and the intrapulmonary pressure decreases

The amount of air left in lungs after forced expiration

reduces friction to allow for the two layers to slide across each other

increased H+ and CO2, breathing rate under 12 br/min

Allows movement of vocal cords for speech

erector spinae, pectoralis major, scalene and sternocleidomastoid

~6 L/min for this volume

The smallest air way for airflow that DOES NOT contain cartilage

Gas exchange flows from the alveoli to the capillaries

nose, oropharynx, nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx

Controlled by the primary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata, the phrenic nerve carries impulses to the diaphragm, the intercostal nerves stimulate the external intercostal muscles, normal breathing rhythm also requires input from the pons

TV increases, IRV decreases, ERV slightly decreases, RV slightly increases, TLC slightly decreases, VC slightly decreases
MV- increase greatly because of the number of breaths will increase

thyroid cartilage in the larynx

What does it mean to be alkaline

this structure facilitates rapid gas exchange, is composed of juxtaposed alveolar epithelium and the capillary epithelium, extremely thin and has a larger surface area

1,400 ml

Can influence the depth and rate of breathing, cerebral cortex/limbic system/hypothalamus and other brain centers

This enzyme of the respiratory system converts to work with the urinary system to control blood pressure

Parietal pressure of oxygen will be higher in the capillaries than in the tissue fluid during gas exchange