Racial segregation laws enacted after Reconstruction in the Southern U.S. to enforce segregation of African Americans from whites.

Founder of Standard Oil and one of the wealthiest individuals in history. He played a key role in the rise of the oil industry and is often considered the first major industrial monopolist.

Railroads that connected the eastern and western U.S., completed in 1869, facilitating trade, travel, and the westward expansion of the country.

Abolished slavery in the United States.

Laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War to restrict the rights and freedoms of African Americans.

An enslaved African American who sued for his freedom in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857). The Supreme Court ruled against him.

Invented by Samuel Morse in the 1830s, this was a revolutionary communication system that used electrical signals to transmit messages over long distances.

Instituted the prohibition of alcohol in the United States, banning the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquors.

The 19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined by God to expand westward across the North American continent.

Industrialist and philanthropist who led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century, becoming one of the richest men in history.

Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, it transformed personal and business communication by allowing voice transmission over long distances.

Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S., including formerly enslaved people, and guaranteed equal protection under the law.

Authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands leading to the Trail of Tears.

Inventor of the telephone in 1876, significantly improving communication in the U.S. and worldwide.

Invented by Thomas Edison in the late 1870s, it revolutionized life by providing a reliable and efficient source of artificial light, leading to the widespread adoption of electricity.

Prohibited denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude, effectively granting African American men the right to vote.

Law aimed at assimilating Native Americans by dividing communal tribal land into individual allotments and encouraging farming.

This person is best known as the plaintiff in the landmark US Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which sanctioned the controversial “separate but equal".

A corporate trust in the petroleum industry that existed from 1882 to 1911. it was owned by John D. Rockefeller.

Repealed the 18th Amendment, ending Prohibition and legalizing the sale and consumption of alcohol in the U.S. again.