Autism Spectrum Disorder | History of Psychopathology I | The Anxiety Disorders 1 | The Depressive Disorders | Antidepressant Medications |
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What is Autism Spectrum Disorder
Deficits in social interaction/communication are required for diagnosis.
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What is trephining
During prehistoric times, holes were drilled into the skull to free the “evil spirits” trapped inside the head of a "possessed" person.
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What is cortisol and/or adrenaline
This hormone activates the sympathetic nervous system and directs the body's rapid involuntary response to dangerous or stressful situations
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What Circadian Rhythms
Often disrupted by depression, these are variations in physiology and behavior that recur every 24-hours, such as the sleep-wake cycle and daily patterns of hormone release.
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What are the SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
This classification of antidepressants targets serotonin and increases the availability of serotonin by inhibiting its reabsorption from the synaptic cleft
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What are Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (RRBs)
Spinning, hand flapping, echolalia, and flipping objects are all examples of what kind of behaviors characteristic of autism spectrum disorder.
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What are exorcisms
During the Middle Ages, this treatment consisted of beatings, starvings, forced eating of substances (foul-tasting, blood, sheep dung) agitating the spirit and causing it to flee the body.
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What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Those diagnosed with this disorder regularly anticipate disaster, often worrying excessively about health, money, family, or work chronic state of severe worry and tension.
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What is neuroticism
Considered a personality trait disposition, this is the tendency to react with higher levels of negative affect. Twin studies suggest that this explains a part of the genetic vulnerability to depression.
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What are the Tricyclics
Serious cardiovascular complications (cardiac slowing and arrhythmias) are a few of this older class of medications used to treat primarily severe depression.
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What is 12 to 18 months
Symptoms of autism generally appear by this age.
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What are eels
The Romans used these to shock and subdue unruly patients.
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What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Identifying and challenging negative self-talk and replacing negative self-talk with more realistic self-statements is characteristic of this type of therapy.
Challenges “I should” self-talk |
What is Rumination Theory
In this theory, major depressive episodes are caused by the tendency to repetitively dwell on sad thoughts.
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What are the Atypical Antidepressants (Atypicals)
Wellbutrin, Trazodone, and Remeron are considered to fall under this class of antidepressants.
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What are females
This gender is overly represented in the lower ranges of mental ability and higher rates of structural brain abnormalities, epilepsy, and neurological conditions.
Epilepsy Neurological conditions |
Who is Franz Anton Mesmer
He believed that hysterical states (anesthesia, paralyses, blindness, deafness) were caused by an imbalance of a universal magnetic fluid in the body and treated people with magnetic objects. Thought to be too sexual when it began to be used in private sessions, he was discredited and disgraced.
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What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
This disorder is a treatable neurobiological disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions/rituals) such as counting, checking, praying, and cleaning.
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What is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
This is a brief, self-report inventory designed to measure the severity of depression symptomatology.
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What are the MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
This oder class of antidepressants increases the risk of hypertensive crisis (severe increase in blood pressure that could lead to stroke, heart attack, pulmonary edema, tear in the aorta, eclampsia), weight gain, and sexual side effects
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What is the mouth
A child with autism spend more time looking at which part of the human face?
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Who is Benjamin Rush
He was referred to as the “father of American psychiatry” and the first to believe that mental illness is a disease of the mind and not a "possession of demons.”
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What is cortisol.
Too much of this hormone short-circuits the cells of the hippocampus, making it difficult to organize the memory of a trauma or stressful experience.
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What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Considered only after an antidepressant medication regime and psychotherapy have been unsuccessful, this therapy is most often used to treat severe, treatment-resistant depression (TRD).
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What is Prozac and Lexapro
What two antidepressants received US FDA approval for children and adolescents
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What is Electrically
This is how messages are communicated/transmitted within a neuron.
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