What is a chemical messenger that carries, boosts, and balances signals between neurons and target cells throughout the body.

What is the modification of behavior by reinforcing behaviors that progress approximate the target behavior. Can be used to train humans or animals to perform behaviors that would rarely if ever occur otherwise.

What is a remarkable phenomenon that occurs in animals, and in humans, in the first hours of life.

The newborn creature bonds to the type of animals it meets at birth and begins to patter its behavior after them.

What is a theory describing the different ways students learn and acquire information,

What is ranging from the use of words, numbers, pictures and music to the importance of social interactions, introspection, physical movement and being in tune with nature.

What is the knowledge that only becomes clear when a person has an incentive to display it.

What is the ability of the nervous system to change its activity in response to extrinsic stimuli by reorganizing its structure, functions, or connections.

What is neurogenesis, programmed cell death, synaptogenesis, or synaptic pruning (any of these answers are acceptable.)

What is a method of learning that consists of observing and modeling another individual's behavior, attitudes, or emotional expressions.

What is Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment

What is when behavior changes as a function of its consequences.

What is the two major classes of consequences are reinforcers, which strengthen the behavior, and punishers which weaken the behavior.

What is abstract thinking and the capacity to understand hypothetical concepts.

What is the gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing.

What is activated in response to stress and controls the 'fight or flight' response as well as promoting growth and energy storage (sympathetic.)

What is the 'rest and digest' system as it functions to conserve the body's natural activity, and relaxes the individual once the threat or emergency has passed. (Parasympathetic.)

What is the evocation of non reinforced response to a stimulus that us very similar to an original conditioned stimulus (stimulus generalization.)

What is a graph showing of the strength of response changes with similarity. Steep gradients mean narrow response (generalization gradient.)

What is the copying of behavior (imitation.)

What is the ability to reproduce a previously witnessed action or sequence of actions in the absence of current perceptual support for the action (deferred imitation.)

What is the ability to reason and solve new problems independently of previously acquired knowledge (fluid.)

What is the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired throughout life (crystalized.)

What is a child's ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard,

What is when an object is hidden from sight, infants under a certain age often become upset that the item has vanished.

What is occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal.

What is the visual processing area of the brain associated with processing distance, depth, perception, color, object/face recognition, and memory formation (occipital.)

What is the creation and preservation of both conscious and long-term memory. Plays a role in visual and sound processing and crucial for both object recognition and language recognition (temporal.)

What is the sensory perception and integration, including management of taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell (parietal.)

What is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as memory, emotions, impulse control, problem solving social interaction, and motor function (frontal.)

What is learning through association and discovered by Pavlov. Two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal (classical conditioning.)

What is the method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. An association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior which could be positive or negative (operant conditioning.)

What is the stage theory often fail to accurately capture the many individual variations that exist in development.

What is a secular increase in population intelligence quotient (IQ) observed throughout the 20th century.

What is important because it tells us about intelligence and how the effect must be environmental.

What are memory activities, relational skills, musical instruments, new languages, frequent reading, continued education, etc.

What is cell body, dendrites, axon, and axon terminal.

What is the carrier of genetic information, maintainer of the neuron's structure, and provider of energy to drive activities (cell body.)

What is the extension at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area of the cell body and transmit electrical stimulation to the soma (dendrites.)

What is the nerve fiber that carries signals away from the cell body to the terminal buttons in order to transmit electrical signals to other neurons (axon.)

What is the branch that conducts electrical signals to a nerve synapse (axon terminal.)

What is unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and a conditioned response.

What is the stimulus that automatically elicits an unconditional response (UCS.)

What is the stimulus in the environment has produced a behavior/response which is unlearned and therefore a natural response that has not been taught (UCR.)

What is the stimulus that brings on a particular response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus (CS.)

What is the learned response the previously neutral stimulus. The process that is about pairing a previously neutral stimulus with another stimulus that produces a response (CR.)

What is Sensorimotor, birth to 18-24 months, goal is object permanence.

What is preoperational, 2 to 7 years, goal is symbolic thought.

What is concrete operational, 7 to 11 years, goal is operational thought.

What is formal operational, adolescence to adulthood, goal is abstract concepts.

What is a measure of the consistency of a psychological test or assessment.

What are IQ tests exhibit high reliability because when taking the same test on different occasions they usually result in the same scores.

What is PET or fMRI, EEG, and MEG.

What is positron emission tomography - an imaging test of the brain to show how brain tissues are working.

What is center functional magnetic resonance imaging - shows when a brain area is more active it consumes more oxygen and meets the demand in blood flow.

What is electroencephalogram - test that detects electrical activity in your brain using small metal discs attached to your scalp.

What is Magnetoencephalography - non-invasive medical test that measure the magnetic fields produced by the brain's electrical currents.