Review (Weeks 3 & 4) | Road To Authoritarianism | Gatekeeping | Terms/Definitions | Challenges to Democracy |
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1) Whether political leaders and political parties work to prevent extremist demagogues from gaining power
2) Whether autocratic leaders will subvert democratic institutions or be subverted by them
What are Levitsky and Ziblatt’s two tests for democracy?
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?
Example of a country where political parties did not prevent an extremist from gaining power
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1) Increase in availability of outside $ → more open, fluid political environment
2) Explosion of alternative media
What are two ways that political parties’ role as Gatekeepers have declined?
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The transfer of authority to a leader who threatens democracy
What is the definition of Collective Abdication?
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Court-packing, firing the opposition, bringing loyalists
“Many efforts to subvert democracy are legal” … What are three examples?
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The abdication of political responsibility by existing leaders
What is the 1st step to authoritarianism?
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Democracy’s assassins use the very institutions of democracy to kill it
What is tragic (and paradoxical) about the route to authoritarianism?
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Undemocratic
What is the danger of over-relying on gatekeeping?
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The time period before an official primary where candidates rush to dominate media coverage, gain supporters, etc
What is an “Invisible Primary”
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?
Example of a country where autocratic leaders subverted democracy
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1) Rejects the democratic rules of the game
2) Denies the legitimacy of opponents 3) Tolerates or encourages violence 4) Indicates a willingness to curtail the civil liberties of opponents
What are the four warning signs of an authoritarian politician?
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Use economic crises; natural disasters; and security threats
What is one way autocrats justify anti-democratic measures?
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Political parties
Who are the “gatekeepers” of democracy?
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Mainstream parties must isolate and defeat extremist forces
Define the concept “Distancing”
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False
True or False: The U.S Constitution establishes rules for political parties to follow
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1) When the judiciary hands down a ruling that prevents the president from doing what he wants, or orders him to do something he does not want
2) If an administration infringed on freedom of the press.
Are the authors’ tests the same as Galston’s two tests?
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1) Bringing referees to the government’s side
2) Silencing of influential voices 3) Changing the rules of the game
What are the three stages of the erosion of democracy?
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Political parties
Who is responsible for filtering out authoritarian candidates?
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Quietly firing civil servants and other non-partisan officials and replacing them with loyalists
How does one “capture” referees?
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We grow susceptible/vulnerable to un-democratic leaders
What happens when the “soft guardrails” of democracy are weakened?
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Gradual
Is the route to authoritarianism gradual or a shock/reactive?
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Re-districting should occur every 10 years
Random: What is an example of a shared norm in the U.S?
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Dangerous
What is the consequence of over-relying on the will of the people?
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A government bringing in loyalists
What does it mean to engage in Court-Packing?
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Race and Religion
What are the two most divisive issues between the two parties?
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