| PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR | FACTORS INFLUENCING HELPING BEHAVIOUR | FACTORS INFLUENCING RELUCTANCE TO HELP | AGGRESSION | BULLYING |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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What is pro-social behaivour?
Any behaviour intended to help or benefit another person, group or society.
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What is the reciprocity norm?
This social norm prescribes that we should help others who help us.
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What are the 3 factors influencing reluctance to help?
Diffusion of responsibilty.
Audience inhibition. Cost-Benefit analysis. |
How is aggression defined psychologically?
Any behaviour that is intentionally disruptive or harmful to the well-being or property of another person or society.
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What are the types of bullying?
Direct physical, direct verbal, and indirect.
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What are the 3 situational factors influencing pro-social behaviour?
Noticing the situation.
Interpreting the situation. Taking responsibility for helping. |
What is the social responsibility norm?
This social norm prescribes that we should help those who need help because it is our responsibility to do so.
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What is diffusion of responsibilty?
The belief that, in a situation where help is required and others are present, the pressure on each individual to help is divided amongst the whole group.
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How does the social learning perspective explain aggression?
Learning occurs through observing aggressive behaviour and reproducing what is seen.
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What are the key elements in bullying?
- Aggressive behaviour
- An inappropriate use of power over a weaker indivdual - Repetition - Intention |
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What are the 2 social norms influencing pro-social behaviour?
The reciprocity norm & the social responsibilty norm.
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In what way can mood influence pro-social behaviour?
A good mood usually increases the liklihood of helping, whereas a bad mood can either increase or decrease the liklihood of helping depending on whether attention is focused on ones self or others.
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What is it called when an individual refrains from helping due to the fear of feeling embarrased or appearing foolish in front of others?
Audience inhibition.
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How does the psychodynamic perspective define aggression?
As an inner urge or 'force' that builds up within us until it needs to be released.
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Which gender is more likely to use direct physical bullying?
Males.
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What are the 3 personal factors influencing pro-social behaviour?
Empathy, mood & competence.
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Which personal factor dictates that individuals are more likely to offer assistance when they believe they can help, however less likely to assist when they believe they can not do anything to help.
Competence.
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What is cost-benefit analysis?
An individual wieghing up the rewards and consequences of helping in making a decision on whether or not to help.
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Which perspective defines aggression as instinctive and adaptive for survival?
The ethological perspective.
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Why are females more likely to participate in indirect bullying?
They tend to value social connections and relationships more and see this as a more effective way of hurting someone.
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What is altruism?
Pro-social behaviour focused on the well-being or benefit of others without any thought to personal gain or reward.
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What do we call the tendency for individuals to be less likely to help another person in need when other people are present compared to when they are alone?
The by-stander effect.
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Who conducted the 'smoke-filled room' experiment?
Darley & Latane (1968).
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How can biochemical influences effect aggression according to a biological perspective?
Aggressive behaviour can result from the presence and activity of certain chemical substances in the body.
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What is the frustration-aggression hypothesis?
Explains bullying based on the findings that bullying is a result of inconsistent discipline in the family home.
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