these explanations hold that social phenomena persist if they contribute to social stability

stable patterns of social relations

coined the term sociology

A carefully controlled artificial situation that allows researchers to isolate hypothesized causes and measure their effects precisely

The technology-driven shift from manufacturing to service industries and the consequences of that shift for virtually all human activities

this explanation highlights the tensions underlying existing social arrangements

patterns of social relations formed during face- to- face interaction

He argued that human behavior is influenced by "social facts"

an experiment which involves assigning individuals to experimental and control groups by chance processes

The process by which formerly separate economies, states, and cultures are being tied together and people are becoming increasingly aware of their growing interdependence

a perspective that examines how various aspects of social life, convey meaning and thereby assist or impede communication

Patterns of social relations in organizations that involve people who are not usually intimately acquainted and who often do not interact face- to-face

He proposed that social structures may have different consequences for different groups

the presumed effect in a cause-and effect relationship

involves the creation of laws and regulations by organizations and governments

gender is the main focus of this perspective

It encouraged the view that sound conclusions about the workings of society must be based on solid evidence, not just speculation

He argued that owners of industry are eager to improve the way work is organized and to adopt new tools to produce more efficiently

the degree to which a measurement procedure yields consistent results

A property of social groups that increases with the degree to which a groups members share beliefs and values and the frequency and intensity with which they interact

one's sense of being masculine or feminine as conventionally defined by society

The quality of mind that enables one to see the connection between personal troubles and social structures

His best known work was the Philadelphia Negro

The degree to which a measure actually measures what it is intended to measure

The type of suicide that occurs when norms governing behavior are vaguely defined