Gastroenteritis | Diagnosing Dehydration | Rehydration 1 | Rehydration 2 | Fluids |
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What is rotavirus?
This is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in kids in the US.
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What is minimal dehydration.
A child with normal breathing, warm extremities and slightly decreased urine output has this degree of dehydration (in presence of acute illness).
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What is ORT?
The increased use of this type of rehyrdation has cut worldwide mortality from gastroenteritis in half over the past 30 years.
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What is 100cc/kg for the first 10 kg, 50cc/kg for the second 10 kg and 20cc/kg for each kg thereafter?
The Holliday-Segar method of rehydration uses this formula for calculating maintenance fluids.
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What is 240cc over one hour?
Amount to bolus a 12kg child in the ER who is moderately dehydrated.
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What is E. Coli?
This is the most common bacterial etiology of gastroenteritis in the industrialized world.
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What is severe (>9% dehydration)?
A child with tachycardia and skin turgor that recoils in more than two seconds has this degree of dehydration.
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What is false?
T/F: A child's regular diet should be suspended while they are receiving ORT.
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What is 4cc/kg for the first 10kg, 2cc/kg for the second 10kg and 1cc/kg for each kg thereafter?
This formula will quickly tell you the maintenance fluids/hour for a child.
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What is 1250cc over three hours?
Amount to bolus a 25kg child if you choose to rapidly rehydrate him (also give duration).
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What is a parasitic infection (Giardia and Cryptosporidium)?
Diarrhea lasting for 14 days or more is generally caused by this type of infection.
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What is mild/moderate dehydration (3-9% loss of body weight)?
A child who is eager to drink but has decreased tears and dry mucous membranes has this degree of dehydration.
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What is Zofran (ondansetron)?
This medication can be given with ORT to help lessen vomiting.
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What is D5 1/4 NS with 20mEq KCl/L?
This fluid is most often used in pediatrics for maintenance fluids.
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What is 1860cc/day or 78cc/hr?
This amount is equal to maintenance for a 38kg child (give total and per hour).
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What is winter.
Rotavirus is primarily problematic in this season.
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What is mild/moderate dehydration?
A child who has a prolonged cap refill time and decreased urine output has this degree of dehydration.
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What is false?
T/F: Basic labs should be drawn if IV rehydration is required.
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What is isotonic dehydration?
This type of dehydration is most common and often seen in cases of acute gastroenteritis.
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What is 700cc/day or 28cc/hr?
This amount is equal to maintenance for a 7kg infant (total and per hour)
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What is intussusception?
Rotavirus vaccine was taken off the market in 1999 because of increased risk of this condition.
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What are an abnormal respiratory pattern, abnormal skin turgor and prolonged capillary refill time?
These are two of the three signs that are most helpful in diagnosing the degree of dehydration.
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What is normal saline?
This is the fluid most often used for pediatric bolus rehydration.
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What is 10.5kg (10kg/95%)?
This is the well weight of a child who is 5% dehydrated and currently weighs 10kg.
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What is 640cc over one hour (repeated up to a total of 60cc/kg) or 1600cc over three hours.
This is how you would bolus a 32kg child with moderate dehydration (give both typical and rapid rehydration calculations).
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