Gastroenteritis Diagnosing Dehydration Rehydration 1 Rehydration 2 Fluids
100
What is rotavirus?
This is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in kids in the US.
100
What is minimal dehydration.
A child with normal breathing, warm extremities and slightly decreased urine output has this degree of dehydration (in presence of acute illness).
100
What is ORT?
The increased use of this type of rehyrdation has cut worldwide mortality from gastroenteritis in half over the past 30 years.
100
What is 100cc/kg for the first 10 kg, 50cc/kg for the second 10 kg and 20cc/kg for each kg thereafter?
The Holliday-Segar method of rehydration uses this formula for calculating maintenance fluids.
100
What is 240cc over one hour?
Amount to bolus a 12kg child in the ER who is moderately dehydrated.
200
What is E. Coli?
This is the most common bacterial etiology of gastroenteritis in the industrialized world.
200
What is severe (>9% dehydration)?
A child with tachycardia and skin turgor that recoils in more than two seconds has this degree of dehydration.
200
What is false?
T/F: A child's regular diet should be suspended while they are receiving ORT.
200
What is 4cc/kg for the first 10kg, 2cc/kg for the second 10kg and 1cc/kg for each kg thereafter?
This formula will quickly tell you the maintenance fluids/hour for a child.
200
What is 1250cc over three hours?
Amount to bolus a 25kg child if you choose to rapidly rehydrate him (also give duration).
300
What is a parasitic infection (Giardia and Cryptosporidium)?
Diarrhea lasting for 14 days or more is generally caused by this type of infection.
300
What is mild/moderate dehydration (3-9% loss of body weight)?
A child who is eager to drink but has decreased tears and dry mucous membranes has this degree of dehydration.
300
What is Zofran (ondansetron)?
This medication can be given with ORT to help lessen vomiting.
300
What is D5 1/4 NS with 20mEq KCl/L?
This fluid is most often used in pediatrics for maintenance fluids.
300
What is 1860cc/day or 78cc/hr?
This amount is equal to maintenance for a 38kg child (give total and per hour).
400
What is winter.
Rotavirus is primarily problematic in this season.
400
What is mild/moderate dehydration?
A child who has a prolonged cap refill time and decreased urine output has this degree of dehydration.
400
What is false?
T/F: Basic labs should be drawn if IV rehydration is required.
400
What is isotonic dehydration?
This type of dehydration is most common and often seen in cases of acute gastroenteritis.
400
What is 700cc/day or 28cc/hr?
This amount is equal to maintenance for a 7kg infant (total and per hour)
500
What is intussusception?
Rotavirus vaccine was taken off the market in 1999 because of increased risk of this condition.
500
What are an abnormal respiratory pattern, abnormal skin turgor and prolonged capillary refill time?
These are two of the three signs that are most helpful in diagnosing the degree of dehydration.
500
What is normal saline?
This is the fluid most often used for pediatric bolus rehydration.
500
What is 10.5kg (10kg/95%)?
This is the well weight of a child who is 5% dehydrated and currently weighs 10kg.
500
What is 640cc over one hour (repeated up to a total of 60cc/kg) or 1600cc over three hours.
This is how you would bolus a 32kg child with moderate dehydration (give both typical and rapid rehydration calculations).






Pediatric Fluid and Electrolytes

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