| Enzymes | Respiration | Human Nutrition | Plants | Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Low enzyme – reaction limited by enzyme; high enzyme – reaction increases until substrate limited
Compare the effect of substrate concentration on reaction rate at low vs high enzyme concentration.
|
Low ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) / energy yield; lactic acid accumulation
Identify why anaerobic respiration cannot sustain high energy demand long-term.
|
Lipids highest; carbohydrates moderate; proteins least (per gram)
Compare the energy yield of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
|
Rate increases until other factors become limiting
What is the effect on the rate of photosynthesis if CO₂ concentration is doubled while light and temperature are optimal.
|
Groups show evolutionary relationships; easier identification
Explain why organisms are classified instead of being named individually.
|
|
No, it remains unchanged
Identify whether the enzyme changes permanently after a reaction.
|
Yeast – ethanol + CO₂; muscles – lactic acid
Compare anaerobic respiration in yeast and human muscles.
|
Weakens connective tissue; scurvy may develop
Predict the effect of a diet lacking vitamin C on connective tissue.
|
Low magnesium in plants causes yellow leaves (chlorosis) and reduced photosynthesis.
Predict the effect of low magnesium availability for plants
|
Leads to misidentification of organisms
What would be the effect on a dichotomous key if one distinguishing feature is incorrectly described.
|
|
They only speed up the rate; do not change thermodynamics
Explain why enzymes do not affect the equilibrium position of a reaction.
|
Stores and releases energy in usable form
Describe why ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is called the energy currency of the cell.
|
Iron; causes anemia
Identify a nutrient essential for haemoglobin formation and its deficiency symptom and why?
|
Dry – faster; steep water potential gradient
Compare the rate of transpiration in humid vs dry conditions and why.
|
Universal; avoids confusion; indicates genus and species
Explain why binomial nomenclature is preferred over common names.
|
|
Different optimum pH; active site charges altered
Explain why extreme pH affects enzyme activity differently for pepsin and amylase.
|
CO₂ production (e.g., gas syringe, limewater)
Identify a method used to measure respiration rate in yeast.
|
Carrot; night blindness
Identify a plant source of vitamin A and its deficiency symptom.
|
Root hair → xylem → mesophyll → stomata
Identify the pathway water takes from root to leaf.
|
Prokaryotes – no nucleus, smaller; eukaryotes – nucleus, membrane-bound organelles
Compare features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
|
|
Pepsin digests proteins into smaller peptides in the acidic stomach, whereas trypsin further breaks those peptides into even smaller peptides in the alkaline small intestine.
Compare the role of pepsin in the stomach with trypsin in the small intestine
|
Produces large ATP / more energy; supports active transport and metabolism
Identify two reasons why aerobic respiration is essential for multicellular organisms.
|
Essential for chemical reactions, transport, temperature regulation
Why water is considered a nutrient even though it provides no energy.
|
Roots elongate more in some plants; depends on tropism
Predict the effect of low auxin concentration on root elongation.
|
Monocots – 1 cotyledon, parallel veins; dicots – 2 cotyledons, net veins
Identify two key difference between monocots and dicots.
|
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