Orientation to Pathophysiology | Pain | Stress and Adaptation | Genetic and Congenital Disorders | Cellular Alterations |
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A subjective complaint that is noted by the person with a disorder (Ex. pain, shortness of breath, dizziness)
symptom
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What is considered the basic somatosensory system?
tactile sensation
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Name the triad of symptoms associated with PTSD.
intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal
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The period extending from day 15 to day 60 after contraception in which organs are being developed (each organ has its own critical period).
organogenesis
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A biopsy of a chronic smoker's lung tissue displays stratified squamous epithelium rather than the typical ciliated columnar epithelium. Which type of cellular adaptation did the lung cells perform to adapt to the patient's smoking habit?
metaplasia
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Term that describes an etiologic factor that is the result of an unintended or unwanted medical treatment
iatrogenic
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True or False: Acute pain consists of a sympathetic nervous system response including increased heart rate, stroke volume, blood pressure, and and muscle tension and decreased gut motility and salivary flow
true
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Which of the following are factors that affect the ability of a person to adapt? Select all that apply.
A. Health status B. Hardiness C. History of stress responses D. Environment E. Gender
A, B, E
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Which of the following are examples of autosomal recessive disorders? Select all that apply.
A. Marfan syndrome B. Huntington Disease C. Hemophilia D. Sickle Cell Disease
D. sickle cell disease
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What is the cardinal sign of lead toxicity?
anemia
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True or False: Specificity describes the portion of people with a disease who are positive for that disease on a given test or observation (called a true positive result).
false
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Which type of pain is known for radiating to other sites other than the actual origin? Select all that apply:
A. Referred pain B. Visceral pain C. Cutaneous (Superficial) pain D. Deep Somatic pain
A, B, D
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Which hormone is released from the hypothalamus and is responsible for stimulating ACTH release from the anterior pituitary and increasing activity of the locus ceruleus neurons?
corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)
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A 16 year old female patient presents with a severe headache that's been persisting for over a month. She also notes a slight ringing in her ears, and the nurse notes mild hearing loss bilaterally upon assessment. The patient tells the nurse she has also just began taking an oral contraceptive. Which disorder is the patient most likely experiencing symptoms from?
type 2 neurofibromatosis
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What are some initial responses to radiation exposure? Select all that apply.
A. Skin that is warm to the touch B. Erythema C. Edema D. Disruption of organelle function
B, C, D
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Name 1 example of tertiary prevention.
Many possible answers; Handout example- Diabetic patient has a need for eye exams to determine retinopathy and education for good foot care
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The most common painful condition in older adults is _______ conditions.
musculoskeletal (Ex. osteoarthritis, low back pain, previous fracture sites)
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Which system, in addition to the nervous and endocrine systems, both affects and is affected by the stress response?
immune system
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Name 2 neurotransmitters that Huntington Disease causes a reduction of.
GABA; Acetylcholine
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Hypoxic tissue injuries cause decreased oxygen to the cell which inhibits ATP synthesis. What is an effect of reduced ATP in the cell?
acute cell swelling (caused by failure of sodium-potassium pump; sodium flows in & water follows)
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Describe the difference between morbidity and mortality.
Morbidity- describes the effects an illness has on a person's life
Mortality- provide information about the causes of death in a given population |
A patient presents with a painful abscess on their forehead. They describe their pain as constantly burning and rate it a 9/10. Which disease in the patient's past health history would indicate that this could be postherpetic neuralgia?
varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox)
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A nursing instructor is teaching her students about control systems in adaptation. She describes an example of a control system in which the body exceeds normal temperature. She tells them that this change stimulates the nerve cells which sends signals to the temperature regulatory center in the brain which then stimulates sweat glands to produce sweat to cool the body back to normal temperature. The nurse then asks her students which component of the control system the sweat glands are an example of. Which response from a student would indicate understanding of control systems?
A. Sensor B. Integrator C. Effector
C. effector
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The clinical manifestation that is the leading cause of hospitalization and death involving sickle cell disease.
acute chest syndrome (an atypical pneumonia resulting in pulmonary infarctions)
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What are some characteristics of dry gangrene? Select all that apply.
A. Slow spreading B. Line of demarcation between dead and healthy tissue. C. Interference with venous return. D. Form of coagulation necrosis.
A, B, D
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