| Pulmonary | Renal | Digestive | Neurologic | Diabetes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
CO2 and O2
What is exchanged at the alveoli of the lungs?
|
Low urine production
What are the effects of ADH on urine production?
|
- Cholecystitis: acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones
- Cholethiasis: formation of gallstones - aggregation of cholesterol crystal or precipitates of unconjugated bilirubin
Define cholecystitis vs. cholelithiasis
|
Frontal Lobe: memory, language and judgment, emotions
Parietal: Sensations and body awareness Occipital: vision Temporal: hearing and communication
What are the four lobes of the brain and what do they control?
|
Hypoglycemia
What is the acute complication of diabetes mellitus that is also known as insulin shock?
|
|
Right sided heart failure
Cor Pulmonale leads to which sided heart failure?
|
<15 ml/min
What GFR value indicates kidney failure?
|
Appendicitis
A patient presents to the ED with epigastric pain radiating to RLQ. Patient also reports nausea, vomiting, and anorexia, what is a possible diagnosis?
|
The set point in the hypothalamus
What rises when your body has a fever?
|
6.5
The diagnostic HbA1C for Diabetes Mellitus is greater than or equal to what percentage?
|
|
Decreased compliance
ARDS, pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and fibrosis are exemplar diseases of what kind of compliance?
|
Nephrotic: loss of protein in the urine
Nephritic: loss of blood in the urine
Define Nephrotic v Neprhtitic
|
Amylase, lipase, pepsin
What are the enzymes that are responsible for breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?
|
Decorticate: arms flex towards the core
Decerebrate: the arms are extended/wrists out and more severe
What kind of posturing does Uncal Herniation cause?
|
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
What are the three “P” clinical manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus 1?
|
|
Cheyne-Stokes
What breathing pattern is seen with end of life or brain stem injury patients?
|
Creatinine
What lab value should you look at for kidney failure?
|
NSAID use and H.pylori infections
What are the two most common causes of gastritis?
|
Blood, CSF and brain tissue
The hypothesis suggests that the cranial compartment is inelastic. The brain tissue stays constant but the CSF and blood amount varies.
Define the Monro-Kellie Hypothesis and what are the three components?
|
Diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, cardiovascular, stroke, PVD
List 3 chronic complications of diabetes mellitus
|
|
Exudative, proliferative, fibrotic
What are the three phases of ARDS?
|
- Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure
It pushes water and solutes in blood plasma through the glomerular filter - Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure A back-pressure that opposes filtration - Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure Holds water within the vascular space
What are the 3 Starling Forces and describe what is happening for each one.
|
There is a blockage in the portal venous system (brings blood from GI tract to liver), redirecting portal blood to veins of lower resistance (rectum, abdominal wall, esophagus)
Explain the pathophysiology of portal hypertension how it causes other complications like varices and splenomegaly
|
Myasthenia Gravis
What is it called when antibodies attack the acetylcholine receptors and result in decreased muscle depolarization?
|
DM1: strong genetic association, autoimmune, beta cells (responsible for producing insulin) of the pancreas is being destroyed leading to insulin insufficiency
DM2: progressive loss of beta-cell insulin secretion frequently on the background of insulin resistance
Explain the pathophysiology of DM1 and DM2
|
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