When the diaphragm contracts and descends, lengthening the thoracic cavity, the external intercostal muscles contract, lifting the ribs upward and outward,
the sternum is pushed forward, and the volume of lungs increases.

A breath activated inhaled medication

These are 3 factors that affect respiratory funtion

Microscopic examination of sputum and the cells it contains.

Continuous, dry grating sound caused by inflammation of pleural surfaces and loss of lubricating pleural fluid

Most oxygen (97%) is carried by red blood cells in the form of

A tube that's a polyvinylchloride airway that is inserted thru the nose or mouth into the trachea using laryngoscope as guide

Measures the flow of air inhaled through a mouthpiece, mimic natural sighing and yawning by encouraging long slow deep breaths

A noninvasive method of estimating the percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood using an oximeter with a specialized probe attached to the skin at a site of arterial pulsation, commonly the finger; used to monitor hypoxemia

Harsh, high pitched sound may be heard during inspiration

Movement of oxygen or carbon dioxide between air in alveoli and blood in capillaries; moves passively from an area of higher to lower concentration

Delivers oxygen at 6-15 liters/minute. Has a resevoir bag attached that keeps exhaled air from entering the resevoir bag

Two appropriate nursing responsibilities in caring for clients with chest drainage systems would be

The measure of the fastest flow of exhaled air after a maximal inspiration

Rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations from very deep to very shallow with sort periods of apnea

Incomplete lung expansion or collapse of alveoli which prevents pressure changes and the exchange of gas by diffusion in the lungs, these areas of lung can't fulfill the function of respiration

Procedure of puncturing the chest wall and aspirating pleural fluid

Aspirating secretions through a catheter connected to a suction machine or wall suction outlet

A two-part nuclear view of the lungs to detect abnormalities of ventilation or perfusion. Involves the injection of radioactive material into the patient's blood, and as the patient breathes radioactive material into the airways; comparison of the two vie

The nurse develops a nursing plan of care for Ineffective coughing and deep breathing. The patient has generalized muscle atrophy and is leaning forward and hunched over in his chair. What is the as evidence by?

Detergent-like phospholipid, reduces the surface tension between the moist membranes of alveoli preventing their collapse

Decreases inflammation in the airways, reducing swelling and mucus production, making breathing easier. Examples include methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and prednisone.

Consists of external mechanical maneuvers, such as chest percussion, postural drainage, vibration, to augment mobilization and clearance of airway secretions, diaphragmatic breathing with pursed-lips, coughing and controlled coughing.

Normal Lab Values
pH 7.4 7.35 to 7.45
Pa02 90mmHg 80 to 100 mmHg
Sa02 93 to 100%
PaC02 40mmHg 35 to 45 mmHg
HC03 24mEq/L 22 to 26mEq/L

The nurse is percussing over the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity, right below the diaphragm and to the right of the stomach. What sound will be heard and what is the organ?