Which of the following statements is true regarding digestion?
a. It occurs in the large intestine (also called the colon).
b. It involves the immune system.
c. It requires enzymes and hormones.
d. It can occur in the kidney.
e. All of these

An anabolic reaction involves:
a. Condensation
b. Hydrolysis
c. Digestion
d. Condensation; Digestion
e. Hydrolysis; Digestion

Protein excess is called:
a. Marasmus
b. Aproteinemia
c. Kwashiorkor
d. Kwashiorkor-Marasmus
e. None of these

Gary ate 40 grams of saturated fat. Given that he consumed 3,900 Calories, Gary is
a. consuming a diet high in saturated fats.
b. in need of reducing his saturated fat intake.
c. not in compliance with the American Heart Association's recommend for saturated fat intake.
d. All of these

Insulin is a hormone that
a. is produced by cells in the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels.
b. catalyzes the catabolic reaction of converting glucose to adenosine tripohosphate (ATP) in the liver cells.
c. causes blood sugar levels to decline.
d. is produced by cells in the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels; Catalyzes the catabolic reaction of converting glucose to adenosine tripohosphate (ATP) in the liver cells.
e. is produced by cells in the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels; Causes blood sugar levels to decline.

Bile is required to emulsify:
a. Starch
b. Protein
c. Alcohol
d. Fat
e. Fiber

An example of an anabolic reaction is:
a. Glycogen production
b. Emulsification of fat
c. Digestion of protein
d. Glycogen production; Emulsification of fat
e. Emulsification of fat; Digestion of protein

True or False: An antigen is produced by the immune cells in response to an antibody.

Amanda is a 15-year old female. Her fasting blood glucose level was determined to be 145 mg⁄dl. Therefore, she may be at risk for:
a. Anemia
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Homocystemia
d. Uremia
e. Diabetes

Which of the following statements is true regarding lactose intolerance?
a. It causes hyperactive peristalsis.
b. Sickness occurs after eating dairy products.
c. It is due to an inadequate lactase enzyme.
d. It is tied to genetics.
e. All of these

The type of enzyme that chemically digests fat is called:
a. Bile
b. Amylase
c. Lipase
d. Protease
e. Cholecystokinin

A catabolic reaction involves:
a. Condensation
b. Hydrolysis
c. Synthesis
d. Condensation; Synthesis
e. Hydrolysis; Synthesis

True or False: An antibody is produced by the immune cells in response to an antigen.

Gary performed a dietary analysis and discovered that he consumed 3,900 Calories and 38 grams of dietary fiber per day. Which of the following statements is true regarding his fiber intake as it relates to the dietary recommendation of 1.4 grams fiber per 100 Calories consumed?
a. It was adequate, and he needs at least 20 to 30 grams of fiber to be adequate.
b. It was adequate, and he needs at least 38 grams of fiber to be adequate.
c. It was inadequate, and he needs at least 55 grams of fiber to be adequate.
d. It was inadequate, and he needs at least 62 grams of fiber to be adequate.

Amanda's blood pressure is 135 over 87 mmHg. Her blood pressure
a. is optimal.
b. indicates prehypertension.
c. indicates stage 1 hypertension.
d. indicates stage 2 hypertension.

An absorption mechanism that requires a specific carrier protein and adenosine tripohosphate (ATP) energy is termed:
a. Passive diffusion
b. Facilitated diffusion
c. Active transport
d. Active facilitation
e. Active diffusion

An example of a catabolic reaction is:
a. Glycogen production
b. Red blood cell formation
c. Digestion of protein
d. Glycogen production; Red blood cell formation
e. Red blood cell formation; Digestion of protein

Which of the following is a cancer protective agent found in the plant kingdom?
a. Soluble Fiber
b. Insoluble Fiber
c. Water soluble antioxidant vitamin C
d. Fat soluble antioxidant vitamin E
e. All of these

Which of the following statements is false about enzymes and/or hormones?
a. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions.
b. Hormones are chemical mediators that are produced at one site in the body, are released into the blood stream, and control the action of cells at a distal site in the body.
c. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that regulate blood sugar.
d. Cholecystokinin is an enzyme that digests starch.
e. None of these

Gary has an LDL cholesterol reading of 171 mg⁄dl. This LDL cholesterol value is
a. optimal.
b. borderline high.
c. high.
d. very high.

Glucagon is
a. an enzyme that metabolizes glucose in the pancreas.
b. a hormone that increases glucose levels in the blood stream.
c. an antibody that reacts against glucose in the blood stream.
d. another name for glycogen.

Antioxidants
a. control oxidation.
b. include vitamins C and E.
c. play a role in cancer risk reduction.
d. play a role in heart disease risk reduction.
e. All of these

Which of the following dietary factors have been shown to be protective against Heart Disease?
a. Trans fatty acids (decrease HDL)
b. Omega-3 fatty acids (increase HDL and decrease LDL)
c. Linoleic acid (decreases LDL and HDL)
d. The soluble fiber pectin (decreases LDL)
e. Omega-3 fatty acids (increase HDL and decrease LDL); The soluble fiber pectin (decreases LDL)

Which of the following nutrients is required for brain, central nervous system, and red blood cell energy production and functioning?
a. Amino Acids
b. Fatty Acids
c. Glucose
d. Albumin
e. Folate

Gary has an HDL cholesterol reading of 63 mg⁄dl. This HDL cholesterol value is
a. low.
b. high.