Total fluid requirement in 24 hours =
4 ml × (total burn surface area (%)) × (body weight (kg))
50% given in first 8 hours
50% given in next 16 hour

Caused by flame, flash, scald, or contact with hot objects​

Most common type of burn injury​

Involves the dermis​

is any event outside the health care facility or campus, somewhere in the
community, that requires the activation of the facility’s emergency management plan.

Emergent​

Urgent, ​

Nonurgent​

• Head = 9%
• Chest (front) = 9%
• Abdomen (front) = 9%
• Upper/mid/low back and buttocks = 18%
• Each arm = 9% (front = 4.5%, back = 4.5%)
• Groin = 1%
• Each leg = 18% total (front = 9%, back = 9%

Result of contact with acids, alkalins, and organic compounds​

Alkali burns are hard to manage because they cause protein hydrolysis and liquefaction​

Damage continues after alkali is neutralized​

RED SWOLLEN WITH FLUID FILLED BLISTERS

Red: Emergent (class I)​

Life-threatening​

Yellow: Can wait short time for care (class II)​

Green: Non-urgent or “walking wounded” (class III)​

Black: Expected to die/are dead (class IV)​

Table 10-1Pg 141​

Special bracelet with a disaster number, digital photos, automated tracking system​

THE WALKING WOUNDED

OCCURS WHEN THERE IS INJURY TO THE TISSUES CAUSED BY HEAT CHEMICAL ELECTRICAL CURRENT OR RADIATION

FROSTBITE

Involves all skin elements, nerve endings, fat, muscle, bone​

Pain (most common)​

Injuries (especially falls)​

Abdominal pain​

Chest pain​

Breathing difficulty​

Headache​

Fever​

Level 1-provides a full continuum of trauma services to all patients​

Level 2-provides care to most injured patients​

Level 3-stabilized patients with major injuries, transports patients if needs exceed resource capabilities​

Level 4-usually located in rural, remote areas, provide basic trauma patient stabilization, arranges transport to higher trauma center levels as necessary​

CHEMICAL THERMAL, SMOKE ELECTRICAL AND COLD THERMAL

May result from direct damage to nerves and vessels, causing tissue anoxia and death​

Severity of injury is determined by ​

Depth of burn​

Extent of burn in percent of TBSA​

Location of burn​

Patient risk factors​

happens inside the facility, creates a need for evacuation and relocation, have to use the emergency management plan, requires extra personnel

CHEST WOUND SHORT OF BREATH

4 ml/kg for first 10 kg of body weight plus
2 ml/kg for second 10 kg of body weight plus
1 ml/kg for > 20 kg of body weight

Metabolic asphyxiation​

Upper airway injury​

Lower airway injury​

Physical debilitation renders patient less able to recover​

Alcoholism ​

Drug abuse​

Malnutrition​

Concurrent fractures, head injuries, or other trauma leads to a more difficult time recovering​

Local medical capabilities overwhelmed​

May require collaboration of multiple agencies and health care facilities to handle crisis​

obtain patient histories, collect forensic evidence, offer counseling and follow up care​

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