| Scientists | DNA Replication | DNA Transcription | DNA Translation | Gene Regulation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Watson and Crick
Who were the pair of researchers that created and proposed the 3D model of the DNA?
|
Semiconservative model
What model proposed by Meselson and Stahl correctly described DNA replication?
|
Initiation, Elongation and Termination
What are the three stages of DNA transcription?
|
The universal set of of rules for determining how genetic information in the form of a nucleotide sequence is converted to an amino acid sequence of a protein/ a code specifying the relationship between a nucleotide codon and an amino acid
What is the genetic code?
|
Frameshift mutation, silent, missense, nonsense [any of these 4]
Identify 3 types of single gene mutations
|
|
Friedrich Miescher
Who was the first to discover Nucleic acids but called it nuclein at that time?
|
DNA polymerase II proofreads newly synthesized DNA
What does DNA polymerase II do?
|
Any 2 of these answers: 1) polymer of nucleotides, 2) both contain nitrogenous bases, sugars and phosphate groups 3) same nitrogenous bases that includes adenine, cytosine and guanine 4) both are nucleotides 5) both are synthesized in the nucleus
What are two similarities between DNA and RNA
|
AUG
What is the codon for Methionine/ the start codon?
|
A permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of a cell's DNA
What are mutations?
|
|
Frederick Griffith
Who is the researcher who identified the transforming principle?
|
S-phase of Interphase
DNA replication occurs during which stage of the cell cycle?
|
tRNA is found during translation as it helps to bring the correct amino acids to the mRNA strand pairing the anticodon with the right codon sequence
tRNA are found during transcription. True or false? Why?
|
5' cap and start codon (AUG)
What are the 2 things that allows translation machinery to identify the start of translation and create the reading frame?
|
Physical mutagen (ex: X-rays) and Chemical mutagen (ex: cigarette smoke)
What are the two types of mutagens? Give an example of each.
|
|
Meselson and Stahl
Who were the two researchers who helped to identify that DNA replication follows the semi-conservative model?
|
DNA polymerase I helps to remove the RNA primers and fill gaps between the Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand and so there would be missing bases found in the replicated DNA strand. DNA polymerase I and II also acts to proofread newly synthesized DNA and so mistakes like strand slippage and mismatch repair can occur and cause mutations to occur in the newly synthesized DNA molecule
If DNA polymerase I and II were inactive/ non-functional, what would be the resulting change in DNA?
|
1) 5' cap, 2) 3' Poly-A-Tail, 3) Removal of introns/ intron splicing
What are the modifications that are made to ensure that mRNA is ready to become mature mRNA and move out of the nucleus for translation?
|
Methionine - glutamate - STOP
What is the correct amino acid sequence of the mRNA strand AUG - GAA - UGA?
|
Lac Operon and Tryp Operon
What are the 2 different examples of gene regulation in prokaryotes?
|
|
Beadle and Tatum
These pair of researchers helped to identify the one-gene/ one-enzyme hypothesis. Who are they?
|
DNA replication is where you synthesize 2 identical DNA molecules whereas DNA transcription is when you copy a small genomic sequence of DNA to create an mRNA strand.
Why is DNA replication different from DNA transcription?
|
Template/ anti-sense strand as it helps to base pair and create a copy of the coding strand
Which strand do we use to transcribe an mRNA from the DNA strand?
|
No change as the same codon codes for the same amino acid (leucine)
What's the result if I change CUU to CUC?
|
Pre-transcriptional, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational control
What are the 5 levels of gene regulation for eukaryotes?
|
Support Us on Ko-fi