The arrangement or spread of people living in a given area, often shown on a map.

Proposed by Thomas Malthus, it argues that population growth will outpace food production, leading to famine, disease, and conflict.

A set of regulations set by the government.

Conditions that drive people to leave their home country, such as poverty, war, or natural disasters.

The number of people living per unit of an area, typically expressed as people per square kilometer or mile.

A modern take on Malthus' ideas, warning that overpopulation could lead to resource depletion and environmental crisis.

Policies aimed at encouraging higher birth rates to increase population growth.

Conditions that attract people to a new area, such as job opportunities, safety, or better living conditions.

The total population divided by the total land area, giving an average number of people per unit of land.

A model that describes the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically.

Policies that allow relatively unrestricted movement of people into a country with few limitations on immigration.

People who have been forced to leave their homes due to conflict, disasters, or human rights violations but remain within their own country's borders.

The number of people per unit of arable (farmable) land, showing pressure on productive land.

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely given the available resources like food, water, and habitat.

Government policies designed to reduce birth rates and slow population growth.

The principle that the interaction between two places declines as the distance between them increases.

The number of farmers per unit of arable land, indicating agricultural efficiency or pressure on farmland.

Unlike the Malthusian theory, this theory suggests that population growth can lead to innovations in agriculture, increasing food production.

Policies that set a limit or cap on the number of immigrants allowed to enter a country within a specific period.

A model that predicts migration patterns based on the size and distance between two places, suggesting larger and closer areas attract more migrants.