PRI

Mestizo vs. Amerindian

1821

Led Mexico to independence by rebelling against Spain.

Huge economic growth from the 50s-80s caused by a gas/oil based economy.

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Traditionally, Mexican citizens have participated in their government through the patron-client system. Only in recent years have citizen and elites began to participate through competitive elections, campaigns, and interest group lobbying

He staged a coup and made himself president.

He brought technology/science to Mexico and hired cientificos, leading Mexico to economic progress.

He nationalized it, creating PEMEX.

The supreme court is the highest federal court, and on paper it has judicial review, but in reality, it almost never overrules an important government action or policy

There are several factors that go into voting behavior, including region, with PRI and PAN mostly dominant in the North and PRD in the South and poverty

Other elites who hated his rule staged a coup and overthrew him.

It increased the inequality gap between the rich and poor.

Government had borrowed heavily to industrialize, oil decreased, economy plummeted

younger, politically active, from the central states, some education, small town or urban

Many Amerindians were not happy in the state Chiapas, and the rebellion reminded Mexicans that some people live in appalling conditions with little hope for the future. President Fox made some efforts to incorporate the Zapatista into the political system, but the group is still rebelling

Liberals thought the Church was too conservative, and laws were instilled that forbade priests from voting, creating religious schools, conducting services, and more. The priests rebelled.

He brought them together under one party, the PRI, allowing power to be passed around.

ANY FOUR: Free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, limited government intervention in economy.

Almost 1 ½ million people work in the federal bureaucracy, most of them in Mexico City. More government employees staff the schools, state-ownded industries, and semi-autonomous agencies of government, and hundreds of thousands of bureacrats fill positions in state and local governments. Under PRI control, all wear tied to the patron-client system and often accepted bribes and used insider information to promote private business deals.

Urban popular movements also occurred in Mexico, with organizations concerned about social welfare spending, city services, neighborhood improvements, economic development, feminism, and professional identity. As these groups have strengthened and become more independent, the political system has had to negotiate and bargain with them, transforming the political culture and increasing the depth of civil society.

ANY THREE: Warlordism until 1934, patron-client system, constitution of 1917, Cristeros Rebellion, formation of the PRI

Vicente Fox. 2000.

It opened up the economy, eliminating trade barriers.