A toxicity of this trace mineral is known as Wilson's Disease, caused by a mutation of ATP7B.

Signaling through membrane-bound receptors requires these two minerals.

Functional methionine synthase deficiency is due to a lack of this vitamin involved in development.

These two enzymes are required by oxidized Vitamin K in order to be reduced to KH2.

Helping to control water balance in the brain is just one of the many functions of this nervous system cell type.

A deficiency of Vitamin B12 can cause these two conditions.

The electron transport chain requires this niacin vitamer.

The deficiency of this gene leads to Vitamin A toxicity due to Vitamin A not being degraded properly.

This condition is caused by an iron overload in the liver and gut because iron can't get into the muscles or RBC progenitors.

This neurotransmitter can be used as a starting material for GABA, glutamine, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.

High levels of Vitamin K interfere with the function of this popular anticoagulant.

The E1 subunit of this enzyme requires TPP to serve as a substrate binding pocket.

Neurological and hypothyroid cretinism is due to a deficiency of this mineral.

In regards to fluids, this term takes into account the total concentration of only non-penetrating solutes.

Scurvy indirectly affects the synthesis of serotonin and dopamine because it is needed to make this compound, used by the respective hydroxylases.

A deficiency of this trace mineral causes goiter and cretinism, two conditions that interfere with proper growth and development.

This mineral acts as a bridge between ATP and enzyme complexes, and as a result participates in most aspects of ATP generation.

This hormone leads to increased bone resorption.

This condition is the result of a mutation in the chloride regulation channel.

This process is often done to neuropeptides to help increase activity to the neuropeptide and protect it from degradation.

Rickets may be caused by a deficiency of this vitamin or mineral.

As a co-factor in many of the reactions in this section, non-heme iron's role is to do this.

This vitamin is involved in the carboxylation of glutamate to gamma-carboxyglytamate.

Alcohol and caffeine block this hormone.

This mineral has negative impacts on the nervous system whether it is deficient, as found in Menke's disease, or present at toxic levels, as found in Wilson's disease.