Basic Genetics Vocabulary | Mendelian Genetics | Generations | Mendel's Laws | Inheritance practice |
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Each of the characteristics present in an organism
What is the definition of traits?
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Dominant
A ___________allele is one that is always expressed when that allele is present.
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F1 Generation is the offspring (the first generation) from the p generation
What is the F1 generation?
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Alleles separate during gamete formation
What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation?
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hh
A pea plant is homozygous recessive for height. Its two alleles would be _______? (H for height)
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They are made up of thousands of genes
What are chromosomes made up of?
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Recessive
What is the allele that gets masked in a hybrid?
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All alike (all hybrids or heterozygous)
What is the phenotype ratio of the F1 generation?
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Genes are separate chromosomes assort into gametes independently
What is the law of independent assortment?
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Hh
A pea plant is heterozygous dominant for height. Its two alleles would be _______? (H for height)
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Segments of DNA that have the information about a certain trait
What is the definition of genes?
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3:1
When a homozygous dominant genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive genotype, what is the phenotypic ratio expected in the F2 generation?
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Comes from the F1 generation being self-pollinated with itself
What is the F2 generation?
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If two pure breeding varieties that differ in just one trait are crossed, all individuals in the next generation (F1), will present the dominant trait.
What is the law of uniformity?
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All will be tall
A TT (tall) plant is crossed with a tt (short plant).
What percentage of the offspring will be tall? |
The chromosomes from the two gametes are united in the zygote, as a result, the zygote has one allele from each parent for each gene
What happens during fertilization?
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Individuals that are homozygous for a trait (both alleles are the same)
What are pure-breeding individuals?
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The P generation are the first two individuals crossed in a breeding experiment
What is the P generation?
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3:1
What is the ratio for Mendel's second law (Law of segregation)?
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25%
A Tt plant is crossed with a Tt plant. What percentage
of the offspring will be short? |
Dominant: The allele that is expressed if different alleles occur together
Recessive: The allele that is not expressed if the dominant allele is present
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
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A breeding experiment that tracks the inheritance of two traits
What is a dihybrid cross?
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Genotype are the actual alleles or genes present in the individual, Phenotype is the physical result of the genes
What is the difference between genotypes and phenotypes?
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Incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, gene interaction, lethal genes
What are the exceptions to Mendel's laws?
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75%
In humans, the allele for albanism is recessive to the alleles for normal skin pigmentation. If two heterozygotes have children, what is the chance that a child will have normal skin pigment?
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