Signs and symptoms of this imbalance include:
o Muscle Weakness
o Dysrhythmias
o ECG changes
 Flattened P wave
 PR prolonged
 *Peak T waves*
 QRS widening

Signs and symptoms of this imbalance include:
o N/V
o Leg cramps! = Muscle weakness
o Decreased BP
o ECG changes-Asystole
o Low ST
o *Flattened or inverted T wave*
o Prominent U waves

Predictable and consistent pain that occurs on exertion and is relieved by rest and/or nitroglycerin
-Lasts 15 mins.

Regular insulin is usually taken alone or with this type of insulin

If you have a reading of 250 or greater then you should hold off on this form of non-pharmacological management for diabetes

Signs and symptoms of this imbalance include:
o Hyperactive DTRs
o Muscle twitching
o Tetany (cramps or spasms)
o Chvostek’s, Trousseau’s signs
o Numbness & tingling

Treatment of this imbalance include:
o C- calcium gluconate: calcium antagonizes the effects of potassium
o B- bicarbonate: causes an intracellular shift of potassium. Pulls K from ECF to ICF
o D- dextrose: sugar
o I- insulin: pulls potassium back into the cells
o K- kayexalate: pulls potassium out of the body

Crushing pain unrelieved by rest or nitroglycerin
Radiates to arms (usually LEFT), neck, and back
Lasts >20 minutes
Diaphoresis
Cold, clammy
Low BP

This insulin has no peak

3 microvascular complications associated with untreated diabetes

Signs and symptoms of this imbalance include:
o Loss of deep tendon reflexes (DTR’s)
o Depression of CNS
o Hypotension/ Shallow Respirations
o ECG changes
o Cardiac arrest

The Cause of this imbalance includes:
o hyperaldosteronism
o Fluid deprivation
o Burns
o insensible water loss

Clinical manifestations of this disease are:
“Silent Killer”
Fatigue
Reduced activity tolerance
Dizziness
Palpitations
Angina
Dyspnea

The patient MUST have functioning pancreatic beta cells in order for treatment to be effective with this category of antidiabetic drug, Which include these drug names;
o Glipizide (Glucotrol)
o Glyburide (DiaBeta)
o Glimepiride (Amaryl)

Large amounts of this substance can be converted to fats, increasing the risk for DKA, can cause hypoglycemia and may lead to excessive weight gain

Signs and symptoms of this imbalance include:
o CNS deterioration
o Paresthesia's
o Muscle weakness
o Seizures

Signs and symptoms of this imbalance include:
o Hypoactive DTRs
o Thirst/Increased urination
o Muscle weakness
o ECG changes
o Renal Calculi

Intermittent Claudication is the hallmark sign of this disease

This category of antidiabetic drugs Slow down absorption of CHOs in small intestine (inhibit carb digestion), Fruit juice is not effective if hypoglycemia occurs because ACARBOSE delays the absorption

A type 1 diabetic may need this transplant one day

Signs and symptoms of this imbalance include:
o Trousseau & Chvostek sign
o Hyperactive DTR’s
o CNS changes
o ECG changes

Signs and symptoms of this imbalance include:
o EKG changes due to hypocalcemia
o Tetany
o Hyperactive DTRs
o Muscle weakness

Signs and symptoms include,
Sudden onset of shortness of breath
THEN….
Chest pain
Dyspnea
Anxiety
Fever
Tachycardia

This DRUG blocks (or slows) the inactivation of incretin hormones, which,
• ↑ Insulin release
• ↓ Glucagon secretion
• ↓ Hepatic glucose production

-Continuous subcutaneous infusion
-Battery-operated device
-Connected to catheter inserted into sub-Q tissue
-Program basal and bolus doses that can vary throughout the day
-Potential for tight glucose control