Carbohydrates are macromolecules and can be used in many ways in different types of organisms.

Amino Acids

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They store energy and are the primary source of fat in the body.

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P)

A polymer is a substance or material made of larger molecules, like monomers or macromolecules.

Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)

A 5 carbon sugar attached to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Small molecules or units, that make up larger polymers or larger units.

Starches, glycogen, fiber, cellulose, and glucose. These examples can be found in fruits, vegetables, and foods like potatoes, bread, and nuts.

More than 20 different Amino Acids and they have an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R-group.

Lipids are used to store energy and to maintain body temperature. They can be in waxes, oils, and fats. They are also steroids or hormones that act as chemical messengers.

The monomers of nucleic acids, there are four types. Which are Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine.

The process of joining two monomers or molecules together through the removal of a water molecule to form a larger molecule or a polymer that reverses the process of hydrolysis.

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O). In a 1: 2: 1 ratio.

Movement, Helping chemical reactions (enzymes), Immunity, Transporters, and Messengers.

Saturated and Unsaturated fats. Fatty acid (Saturated Fats) chains lack double bonds; therefore, the chains pack tightly, solid at room temp and bad fats, the major source is animals. While Unsaturated fats are fats that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, liquid at room temp, from plants rapeseed, olive, etc.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Which are found in anything that is or was once living.

The process of breaking down a polymer or a larger molecule into smaller molecules or monomers by adding a water molecule that reverses the process of dehydration synthesis.

Carbohydrates are used as quick energy and can also be used in structures. Carbohydrates can be stored in starches (plants) and glycogen (animals) and can form fiber and cellulose.

Primary Structure (Strings), Secondary Structure (Helix), Tertiary Structure (3D), and Quaternary Structure (Jumbled up amino acids).

Glycerol and Fatty Acids are the monomers, while the structure of Lipids does not form true polymers, but they are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acids.

Nucleic Acids make up genetic information in living things, and also used in protein synthesis and some nucleotides play important roles in gathering and giving information.

The study of structures, properties, reactions, and compositions of compounds that contain Carbon. Carbon is essential to life because it is incredibly versatile due to its 4 valence electrons.