An object or event that naturally and automatically triggers a response.

An event that decreases the behavior it follows.

Reinforcing the desired behavior every time it occurs.

Reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior.

The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.

An unlearned, naturally occurring response.

Increasing behavior by presenting positive stimuli.

Reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.

Diminishing of a conditioned response.

Learning by watching others.

A learned response to a previously neutral object or event.

Increasing behavior by stopping or reducing negative stimuli.

Reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.

The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.

A mental representation of the layout of one’s environment.

An originally irrelevant object or event that, after association with a paired stimulus, comes to trigger a learned response.

Stimulus that satisfies a biological need and strengthens behavior.

Reinforces a response only after a specified length of time.

The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response.

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events.

An irrelevant object or event that does not trigger a response.

Stimulus that can be used to achieve a primary reinforcer and strengthens behavior.

Reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals.

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it.

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem.