| Planes & Axes | Terminology | Bone | Pathologies | Joints |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
What plane does flexion and extension occur in? What axis?
sagittal plane
mediolateral axis |
If point A is closer to midline than point B, what is point A? What is point B?
A: medial
B: lateral |
What are the four different types of bone?
Long, short, flat, irregular
|
What is kyphosis? Lordosis? Scoliosis?
Kyphosis: exaggerated curve of thoracic curve
Lordosis: exaggerated curve of lumbar curve Scoliosis: lateral curvature of the spine |
What is an example of a ball and socket joint?
hip or shoulder
|
|
What is the axis that goes through the rotation of the torso in the transverse plane?
superoinferior axis
|
What does phleb mean?
vein
|
What are five functions of bone?
structural support, protection of underlying structures, provide levers for body movements, mineral storage, blood cell production, energy storage
|
What is characterized by loss of bone mass leading to weak and fragile bones?
Osteoporosis
|
What is the difference between axial and nonaxial movement?
Axial motion is a motion of a body part that occurs around or about an axis also known as circular motion. Ex. Rotation of the scapula
Nonaxial motion is a motion of a body part that does not occur around an axis also known as gliding motion. Ex. Protra |
|
What is a cardinal plane?
Divides the body into planes: frontal, sagittal, transverse planes
|
What does myelo mean?
spinal cord
|
What is the difference between compact and spongy bone and what structures are contained in each?
Compact bone contains few spaces, forms the external layer of all bone and the bulk of the shaft of long bones; made up of Haversian systems and Volkman's canals.
Spongy bone does not contain true osteons; composed of trabeculae, which contain osteocytes. |
What is the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage in joints?
osteoarthritis
|
What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
pubic symphysis
costal cartilage |
|
What is an oblique plane?
A plane having components of 2 or 3 of the cardinal planes.
|
What does homeo mean?
same
|
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Tendons connect muscle to bone. .
Ligaments connect bone to bone. Both are dense fibrous connective tissue. |
What is the difference between acute and chronic?
acute: 4-6 weels
chronic: over 6 weeks |
What are parts of a synovial joint?
synovial membrane, articular cartilage, joint cavity filled with synovial fluid, ligaments, fibrous joint capsule
|
|
What planes do swinging a baseball bat occur in?
transverse, sagittal, frontal
|
What does the suffix of algia mean?
pain
|
What is Wolff's Law?
“Calcium is laid down in response to stress.”
increased PS: the diameter of a long bone is increased by the destruction of bone internally and the construction of new bone externally. decreased PS: osteoclasts are responsible for the resorption or destr |
What is a greenstick fracture?
fracture when one side of the bone is broken and other side is bent; occurs more commonly in children
|
What is rolling vs. spinning?
Rolling is where the body part changes position and one end of the bone moves more than the other (flexion/extension of the shoulder joint)
Spinning is where the body part does not change position; rather it rotates or spins, staying in the same location |
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