: _______________ is the concept introduced by Paolo Freire, who described the teaching process in which language learners use their previous knowledge and experiences to help them with their current learning experiences, and the lessons are relevant to the students’ own lives.

This concept (or term), also popularized by Stephen Krashen, posits that a student’s language environment is affected by negative and positive emotions. Creating a positive and meaningful environment helps the student feel more comfortable and open to learning.

Using kinesthetic activities to get students out of their chairs and moving around the classroom is an embodiment of this method.

In this approach to instruction, language is learned and acquired in the context of meaningful subject matter such as geography, history, math, music, and literature, NOT through the study of grammar rules and vocabulary.

1. This kind of test is common in foreign language classes (behavioristic/structural approaches) and asks students to fill in the blanks or match items on a list. These tests focus on knowledge of specific elements in the areas of phonology, grammar, and vocabulary.

This method/approach focuses on the listening/speaking skills in the L2. It is based on choral repetition, mimicry-memorization, dialogues, lots of drills, and fill-in the blanks. It started as the “Army Method.” We know it as “drill and kill.”

These are the two kinds of motivation in language acquisition. One involves students’ learning a second language because of outside influences (meeting a requirement), and the other is based on a personal, internal motivation.

What are these three terms used in our 4615 class: 1. The philosophy regarding language learning and teaching. 2. The basic organization and delivering of a course. 3. The utilization of various classroom activities (your “bag of tricks”) in language teaching.

Students are paired. Person A has a picture. Person B has the same picture, but with ten differences. The students are asked to make a list of the ten differences but without seeing each other’s pictures. This must be done orally through conversation, questions, and answers. They have ten minutes to find the answers. This type of activity is called:

An academic program designed to help students, native and non-native English speakers, become proficient in English, and another language.

Vygotsky called this idea the” _____ ___ _________ development” to describe the difference between what students can do on their own compared what they can learn with outside resources such as peers and teachers. The idea is that what students need help doing today they can do on their own tomorrow.

Using Freire’s terms, “transmissive” teaching is centered on the __________, whereas, “transformative” teaching is centered on the _____________.

What are the 4 stages of Language Production in the Natural Approach?

This practice of placing ELLs directly into a mainstream classroom with no particular support is popularly known as the “sink or swim” method.

In contrast to the above, these tests are focused on measuring what the student can actually DO with their knowledge, and are more reality-based and holistic in nature.

An example of this approach would be the four stages of SLA, especially the respect of the Preproduction Stage when we are in the first stage of learning. Stryker has identified this as closest to his own philosophy.

Match the following learning strategies with the examples:
1) Metacognitive A. brainstorming, making outlines, using flashcards
2) Cognitive B. choosing to enroll in a language class in Mexico
3) Socials C. forming a study group

This is a process of balancing feedback both affective and cognitive feedback, promoting the students’ attempts to correct production of the L2 language. Too much affective feedback can cause fossilization, and negative cognitive feedback can shut down the students’ attempts. There is a degree of “trial and error” or hypothesis testing” when an L2 student is attempting to speak or write the new language and supportive correction will boost their confidence.

IThis type of program has become increasingly popular in K-12 schools in CA. The ideal is that half the students are L1 speakers and half are L2 speakers (i.e., English speakers). The curriculum is taught half in L1 and half in L2, sometimes using a 90-10 model and sometimes using a 50-50 model. The goal is to produce bilingual/biliterate students.

_________ and _________ are two personality types that are described by the MBTI as opposites on a spectrum (though actually we are all mixtures). One the one side is the outgoing risk-taker who is usually very sociable. On the other side is a type who tends to be more soft-spoken, cautious, and self-sufficient. We teachers must be respectful of these personality types.

This idea, popularized by linguist Stephen Krashen and linked to Vygotsky, describes what we might call “the next step up,” in learning, that is, adding new information on top of known information. The “input,” or lessons, should be slightly more advanced in order to accelerate the learning process.

Match the following stages:
1) Home A. Excited to be experiencing a new culture
2) Horror Stage B. The individual becomes comfortable in the new environment
3) Honeymoon Stage C. Letting go of the fear, the individual starts to find things humorous
4) Humor Stage D. uncomfortable and uneasy feeling the person gets recognize that nothing is the same as in their culture.

This approach is predicted on the notion that students can learn to write by dictating to the teacher what they already can express verbally. The teacher writes what they say and, as a result, they student's’ first reading materials come from their own repertoire of language. An example would be to have students take turns being on the “hot seat” and make a profile of the student on the board.

This concept, popularized by linguist John Oller, asserts that students learn best when the material is presented in the form of a story.

A (________) is an activity, game, or event that is used to welcome and (_________) the conversation among participants in a meeting, training class, team building session, or another event.