History | Clinical Effects | Pharmacology | Management | Miscellaneous |
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What is iron
Used to treat iron deficiency anemia in patients of all ages
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What is first 6 hours after ingestion
The absence of symptoms like vomiting after iron ingestion during this time period excludes serious iron toxicity
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What is mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
The mitochondrial process that iron ions disrupt
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What is hematemesis or lethargy (consider orotracheal intubation in lethargic patients)
Manifestations of severe iron toxicity
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What is deferoxamine
This antidote for iron toxicity forms the complex ferrioxamine which is excreted by the kidneys, leading to reddish-brown color to the urine
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What are prenatal vitamins
Families with young children may have iron ingestion incidents due to this medication that contains iron
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What is yersinia enterocolitica
Patients with chronic iron overload are at an increased risk for this infection because iron is a required growth factor for this bacterium
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What are reactive oxygen species
Iron's participation in redox reactions produces this which causes oxidation of membrane-bound lipids and causes tissue injury
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What is abdominal radiography
Used to estimate the iron burden in the GI tract
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What is acute lung injury and ARDS
Adverse effects of deferoxamine which can be usually seen in chronic administration for treatment of hemochromatosis
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What is Vitamin A
This vitamin found in liver, fish oils, cheese, and whole milk
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What is intestinal ulceration, edema, small bowel infarction, hematemesis, melena, hematochezia
GI symptoms associated with iron ingestion
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What is idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Disruption of cell membrane integrity by vitamin A in the CNS can lead to disruption of CSF outflow causing signs and symptoms of this disease
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What is iron
An arterial or venous blood gas would show a metabolic acidosis if this toxin was ingested
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What is the large storage capacity in the liver for excess vitamin A
The reason why hepatotoxicity occurs prior to an elevation in the serum concentration of vitamin A which can be normal or even low
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What is vitamin D
This vitamin is found in butter, cheese, cream, and fatty fish like salmon and mackerel
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What is xerosis (associated with pruritis and erythema)
Most common skin manifestation of vitamin A toxicity
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What is the regulation of calcium homeostasis via interactions with intestines and bones
The primary role of vitamin D
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What is activated charcoal
Recent acute large overdose of vitamin A is treated with this intervention
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What are increased PR intervals, widening of QRS complexes, QT shortening, and flattened T waves
ECG findings of vitamin D toxicity
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What is eucalyptol
Found in many nonprescription cough preparations and widely used for the treatment of upper respiratory infections because of anti-inflammatory effects
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What is calcium
Vitamin D toxicity can cause ataxia, confusion, psychosis, seizures, coma, and renal failure due to this mineral level being elevated
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What is less than 1 teaspoon (5 mL)
Ingestion of less than this amount of eucalyptus oil has resulted in severe toxicity
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What is vitamin D
Intervention for this vitamin's toxicity is discontinuation of the vitamin and calcium supplementation, maintenance of low calcium diet, and administration of fluids
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What is eucalyptus oil
Symptoms of this oil develop rapidly and progress from headache to light-headedness to CNS depression
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