| Back To The Basics | Mechanisms/Positions | Mechanisms/Positions pt. 2 | Integumentary | Integumentary pt. 2 |
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-Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts
-Physiology is the study of the function of the body parts and the body as a whole.
What is Anatomy and Physiology?
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This is when a person is upright, with arms down and palms to the front. All directional terms reference this position, even if the body is in a different position.
What is anatomical position?
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Superior
The forehead is ______ to the nose
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1. Protection
2. Thermoregulation 3. Excretion of wastes 4. Synthesis of vitamin D
What are the major functions of skin?
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1. Hair
2. Skin 3. Nails
What are the three components of the Integumentary system?
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-Structure refers to how the body is put together by bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
-Function refers to how the body does the work and what exactly it does.
What is the relationship between structure and function?
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One mechanism’s output enhances the stimulus. The other mechanism’s output reverses the direction of the stimulus
What is the difference between positive and negative feedback?
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This is made up of the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord).
What is the dorsal body cavity?
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Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosium Stratum Basale
Name the 5 layers of the epidermis
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-Evaporative cooling (sweating)
-Increased blood flow through skin (increases heat loss)
How does the skin help us cool down?
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Homeostasis is the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions. Most disease is caused by a disturbance of homeostatic mechanisms known as homeostatic imbalance.The imbalance can result from aging genetic mutations pathogen and environmental fact
What is the significance of homeostasis and what does it have to do with diseases?
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Lactation, when a stimulus increases the production of the output.
Give an example of positive feedback.
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1. Proximal
2. Distal
_______ is closer to the origin of body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk;
__________ is farther from origin of body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk |
1. Amount/Type melanin
2. Amount carotene 3. Amount of oxygen in blood
What are the 3 major determinants of skin color?
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When UV light hits the skin, modified cholesterol molecules are converted into vitamin D.
How exactly does our skin synthesize vitamin D?
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Chemical level-Atoms combine to form molecules
Cellular level- Cells are made up molecules Tissue level- Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organ level- Organs are made up of different types of tissues Organ level-Organ system consist of different
What are the levels of organization? Describe them.
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This is an example of negative feedback. The control center is the hypothalamus, the stimulus is an increase in body temperature, the effectors are the blood vessels (which will dilate) and the skin (which will radiate heat and sweat).
What is thermoregulation? Is it positive or negative feedback?
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This is made up of the thoracic cavity (heart and lungs), abdominal cavity (digestive viscera), and pelvic cavity (bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs).
What is the ventral body cavity?
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1. Epidermis made of epithelial tissue
2. Dermis made of dense connective tissue
What are the two layers the skin is composed of? What type of tissue is each one made of?
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1. Collagen
2. Elastic
The ______ and _____ fibers of the dermis give skin its strength and elasticity.
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1. Integumentary
-Hair,nails, skin -Forms the external body covering protects deeper tissues. 2. Skeletal -bones and joints- Protects and supports body organs 3. Muscular -skeletal - Allows movement 4. Nervous -brain, sensory receptor, nerves, spinal cord
What are the organs of the body? List their components and function.
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1. Anterior/Vetral
2. Posterior/Dorsal
______ is toward or a the front of the body; ______ is at the backside of the body.
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1. Sagittal/Median
2. Frontal/Coronal 3. Transverse/Cross-section
A __________ section is a cut made along the lengthwise, longitudinal plane of the body dividing into right and left parts; a __________ section divides into anterior and posterior parts; a ___________ section that divides into superior and inferior part
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1. Sebaceous
-oil gland -located in dermis and secrete sebum 2. Sudoriferous - Sweat glands. Located between the gland cells and the underlying basal lamina. Divided into two main types a. Eccrine - Most common, main function is regulation of body tempera
What are the three cutaneous glands? Describe them in terms of location and function.
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Keratinocytes
What type of cell is the most abundant cell in the epidermis?
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