| Esophagus | Stomach | Small Bowel | Colon |
|---|---|---|---|
|
False diverticulum (mucosa protrudes through the muscular wall)
What type of diverticulum is a Zenker diverticulum?
|
In omphalocele the contents are covered by peritoneum and amnion
What is the difference between gastroschesis and omphalocele?
|
True diverticulum (outpouching of all 3 layers)
What type of diverticulum is a Meckel Diverticulum
|
Splenic flexure
What is the most common place to see ischemic colitis?
|
|
Alcoholics and bulimics
What two populations is Mallory-Weiss syndrome most common in?
|
Pyloric stenosis
A two week old child presents to you with projectile nonbilious vomiting, visible peristalsis and an olive-like mass in the abdomen. What does the child have?
|
Duodenum
Where is the damage most prominent in celiac disease?
|
Adenoma-carcinoma sequence
What describes the molecular progression from normal colonic mucosa to adenomatous polyp to carcinoma?
|
|
Proximal esophageal atresia with distal esophagus arising from the trachea
What is the most common variant of tracheoesophageal fistula?
|
L gastric artery
What artery do you risk bleeding from due to rupture of a gastric ulcer?
|
1. Polyhydramnios
2. Double bubble sign 3. Bilious vomiting
What are three things you would classically see with duodenal atresia?
1. Kidneys and amniotic fluid 2. Radiology 3. ROS |
Hyperplastic and adenomatous
*Hyperplastic are due to hyperplasia of glands. Adenomatous are due to neoplastic proliferation of glands (benign but pre-malignant)
What are the two types of colonic polyps?
|
|
Trypanosoma cruzi
What microbe can cause damage to ganglion cells leading to achalasia?
|
Type IV, it is mediated by T cells. You get antibodies against parietal cells and intrinsic factor.
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is chronic autoimmune gastritis?
|
Fat malabsorption and steatorrhea
What will you see in the stools of someone with whipple disease?
|
1. Gardner syndrome
FAP with fibromatosis and osteomas 2. Turcot syndrome FAP with CNS tumors
What are the two types of familial adenomatous polyposis and what is the difference between the two?
|
|
Rupture of esophageal varices
*This is particularly dangerous in cirrhosis because the liver is not producing coagulation factor
What is the most common cause of death in cirrhosis?
|
1. Chronic autoimmune gastritis
2. H. pylori gastritis Autoimmune knocks out the parietal cells which are seen in the body and fundus. H. pylori affects the antrum. *Remember H. Pylori sits on the surface of the epithelium, it does not invade.
What are the two types of chronic gastritis and what are the most common locations to see them?
|
1. Bronchospasm
2. Diarrhea 3. Flushing of the skin
What are 3 findings in carcinoid syndrome?
*Systemic findings caused by the serotonin release |
Ulcerative Colitis
1. Mucosa and submucosa 2. Begins in rectum, can extend proximally up to cecum 3. Crypt abscesses with neutrophils 4. Pseudopolyps, loss of haustra (lead pipe sign) Crohn Disease 1. Full thickness inflammation 2. Anywhere from mouth to anus 3. Lymphoid aggregates with granulomas 4. Cobblestone mucosa, creeping fat and strictures
Differences between Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease
1. Wall involvement 2. Location 3. Inflammation 4. Gross appearance |
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