absence of urine

A diminished amount of urine formation

Blockage or narrowing of the renal artery because of atherosclerosis or scarring.

Damage to the glomerular basement membrane allows protein to be released in the urine; characterized by extensive proteinuria, hyperlipidemia (elevated blood lipids), hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), and severe edema.

The removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood by circulating arterial blood through a dialysate and returning it to the venous circulation.

An excess of serum proteins in the urine.

Voiding more often than every 2 hours. This can be the result of inflammation, decreased bladder capacity, psychological disorders, pregnancy, or increased fluid intake

Painful urination.

Excessive urination during the night.

Filtration of blood across the peritoneal membrane by instilling dialysate solution into the peritoneal cavity.

Substances that can be toxic to the kidneys

Distention of the renal pelvis and calices with urine that cannot flow through obstructed ureters.

A delay in starting the stream of urine; may be related to partial obstruction

Involuntary passing of urine.

Retaining or holding urine in the bladder; inability to start the urine stream or to completely empty the bladder.

the amount of blood filtered by the glomeruli in a given time

An immunologic problem caused by an antigen-antibody reaction in the kidney.

Occurs suddenly as a result of physical injury usually secondary to hypoperfusion, infection, inflammation, or damage from toxic chemicals.

The final stage of chronic and irreversible renal failure requiring dialysis.

A progressive loss of kidney function that develops over the course of many months or years.

Creation of an artificial opening (stoma) on the skin surface for elimination of urine from a pouch created from a segment of intestine as a urine reservoir.

Surgical removal of the kidney.

The formation of stones.

The crushing of a calculus in the kidney, bladder, urethra, or gallbladder.

Symptoms produced by retention in the blood of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous wastes normally eliminated in the urine