Who's Fault is It? Hot Topic Rock and Roll Formations Volcano Info
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What is the San Andreas Fault?
A large, well-known strike-slip fault in western California
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What is magma?
Molten rock beneath the surface of the earth
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What is an aftershock?
Smaller earthquakes or tremors that often follow an earthquake at frequent intervals for days or even months, gradually decreasing in intensity
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What is a vent?
The central feature of a volcano, through which gases, ash, and rock are ejected
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What is the Ring of Fire?
A narrow zone of active volcanoes that parallels the circum-Pacific belt
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What is a normal fault?
A type of fault that occurs when rocks along one side of a fault sink vertically, and often form cliffs
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What is a volcanic bomb?
Forms when lava is thrown high into the air in a liquid or semiliquid state, and hardens into rock before it hits the ground
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What are surface waves?
Waves that move along the ground like ocean waves, while others shake the ground from side to side, and cause the most damage to buildings
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What is a dike?
A vertical sheet-like mass of igneous rock that forms when volcanic magma hardens in a vertical crack or fissure
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What is a lava tunnel?
An underground channel that forms when surface lava hardens before the lava underneath it
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What is a thrust fault?
A type of fault that results when rocks on one side of a fault are shoved on top of the rocks on the other side
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What is a pyroclast?
Particles or blocks of solid volcanic ejecta
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What are S-waves?
Waves that consist of rhythmic side-to-side motion
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What is anticline?
An arch-like structure formed when rocks buckle upward during the folding process
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What is a magma chamber?
A reservoir of magma
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What is strike-slip fault?
Rocks along one side of this type of fault move horizontally along the fault
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What is aa lava?
Lava that hardens into rough, jagged rocks with a crumbly texture
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What are P-waves?
The fastest type of earthquake waves that consist of a rhythmic push-pull motion
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What is syncline?
A trough-like structure formed when rocks bend downward during the folding process
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What is a caldera?
A bowl-shaped crater that forms when the magma chamber beneath a volcano is emptied of magma, causing it to collapse under its own weight
What is the Elastic Rebound Theory?
The theory states that rocks on either side of a fault spring back to a position of little or no strain at the movement of an earthquake, triggering vibrations in the earth's crust
What is pahoehoe lava?
Lava that hardens to form either a smooth surface or a surface that resembles rope
What are tectonic earthquakes?
Earthquakes that result from sudden movements of rock beneath the earth's surface
What is a laccolith?
A dome-like igneous intrusion formed when magma bulges overlying rocks upward
What is a pyroclastic flow?
A superheated cloud of gas and volcanic ash that travels swiftly down the volcanic slope as an avelanche






Foundations of Geology Part 1

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