Cradle of Civilization






Measuring Time Early Humans Neolithic Era Key Characteristics of Civilization Civilizations Geography of the Fertile Crescent
What is a decade?
Unit of measuring time in groups of ten years.
What is a hunter-gatherer
the term for people who move from place to place with no permanent home
What is a rise in Earth's temperature? Or What is the end of the Ice Age?
this change on Earth allowed humans to stay in one place and begin domesticating plants and animals
What is government?
managing a society's resources so that people get what they need to survive as well as training armies to defend societies
What is Uruk?
the first recorded city
What are the Zagros Mountains?
the mountains north of the Fertile Crescent
What an artifact?
an object made and used by early humans found by archeologists
What is fire?
This made it possible for early humans to scare off dangerous animals, cook meats, light dark nights, and stay in areas too cold to survive
What is barter economy?
the exchange of goods and services between two or more parties without the use of money
What is technology and writing?
early civilizations of tools and record recording
What is a city-state?
a community that has it's own ruler, government, and laws
What are the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?
the two rivers found in the Fertile Crescent
What are before Christ and before common era ?
BC and BCE
What is a sickle?
a tool created to harvest crops
What is domestication of animals and plants?
the process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use
What is religion?
a set of shared beliefs about supernatural powers that were created to explain the world
What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?
the first recorded epic
What are the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf
the two bodies of water at each end of the Fertile Crescent
What are Anno Domini and common era?
AD and CE
What is prehistory?
the period of time before civilization and writing
What is labor specialization?
humans began to spend most of their time working on a single job or craft
What is culture?
all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation
What is the Fertile Crescent?
the area of land between the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian Gulf
What is "the land between two rivers"?
the meaning of "Mesopotamia"
What is an anthropologist?
a person who studies how humans behave, how they act together, where they came from, and what makes one group of people different from another
What are tools?
items used for cutting small trees, meat, and to scrape animal skins
What is the Agricultural Revolution?
the name given to a number of cultural transformations that initially allowed humans to change from a hunting and gathering subsistence to one of agriculture and animal domestications
What is social class?
groups that occupy different ranks or levels in society
What are government, religion, culture, social structure, technology, writing, and stable food supply?
the 7 key characteristics of any civilization
What is the annual flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?
this dependable natural event created the fertile agricultural environment in the Fertile Crescent
What is Sumer?
believed to be the first civilization

Foundations of Civilizations

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