This is a conscious bond shared by a group of people who feel strongly attached to a particular land and who possess a common language, culture, and history marked by shared glories and sufferings.

This doctrine, which defined WWII, entails warfare that includes any and all civilian resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets and mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war.

This American policy entailed stopping the geographical expansion of Soviet power.

This event was a non-violent transition of power from the Communist leaders to a democratic government led by Vaclav Havel in Czechoslovakia in 1989.

This period marked a shift from an agrarian, local, labor-intensive economy to one dominated by machine manufacture, specialization of tasks, factories and cities, and a worldwide market.

This political coalition was made up of nations who were not aligned with either the Soviet Union or the United States.

This government controlled Free France after the 3rd Republic had fallen and collaborated heavily with the Germans, particularly with regard to deportation of Jews.

This Soviet leader made a “Secret Speech” to the 20th Party Congress in 1956 denouncing the crimes of Stalin.

During this period, which occurred in Czechoslovakia in 1968, a new group of Czech communists tried to implement “socialism with a human face”, but were stopped when Soviet troops invaded and occupied the country.

This was a process of centralization that occurred in the 17th and 18th centuries, which put unlimited authority in the hands of the monarch and extended the reach of state power to the lives of subjects.

This Vietnamese leader created the Indochinese (Vietnamese) Communist Party in 1929 and led the movement that successfully overthrew French colonial rule.

This system, implemented after WWI, put German colonies and Ottoman lands under the rule of Allied powers, who were to be supervised by the League of Nations. It was seen as a compromise between traditional imperialism and Wilsonian idealism

This policy said that the Soviet Union had the right to use military force to maintain the strict rule of the Communist Party in nearby socialist countries.

This organization was created in 1967 by the same original members as the European Coal and Steel Community. Britain joined the organization later, in 1973.

This is a deep process of reform that the Catholic Church undertook in response to the Protestant Reformation.

This type of imperial rule integrated local elites and native institutions into the administration of the colonial government. The day-to-day government and administration of areas was left in the hands of traditional rulers.

This conference, held in 1944, was arranged in order to avoid dangerous inflation and led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

This agreement, signed in 1975, gave international recognition to post-WWII boundaries and bound signatories, including the Soviet Union, to respect human rights.

This text, written in 1949 by Simone de Beauvoir, became a handbook of the women’s movement in the 1960s and 1970s.

This is a philosopher who linked the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment by claiming that philosophy was also a discipline that should be subject to the rigors of the scientific method.

This Italian nationalist led a successful invasion of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies, then turned over his conquests to King Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont in the name of Italian unification.

This alliance, created before WWI, was made up of France, Great Britain, and Russia, who were united by their fear of Germany’s growing diplomatic power and navy.

This reform, implemented by Mikhail Gorbachev, entailed a fundamental restructuring of the Soviet system to make it more efficient and responsive to the needs of Soviet citizens.

This is a radical individualist philosophy that centered on moral responsibility and was closely associated with the works of philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.

This French revolutionary, who took power in the Committee of Public Safety in 1793, used the guillotine to maintain control and implement the values of the Revolution.