Made up of Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen
Serve as energy source and storage
Indicator tests are Iodine and Benedict's Solution
Looks like a chain of carbon rings
Examples include : Glycogen & Cellulose

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.
All of its atoms are identical
There are over 100 known
92 of these are naturally occurring
These are organized in the Periodic Table

This indicator test checks for Complex Carbohydrates
The solution starts out a yellow color and turns dark purple if starches are present

A mixture of two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed
Example: Salt Water

A category of the macromolecule called a Lipid
Consiste of 4 carbon rings that are FUSED into a category.
Many hormones are a part of this category and are very important
Some examples include: Estrogen & Testosterone

Made up of four atoms
Transport oxygen in the form of Hemoglobin
Speed up chemical reactions
Food examples include: Eggs, Chicken & Beans
Serve as structural support
Indicator test is Bieuret Reagent

Type of bond in which atoms are sharing their valence electrons
They can be single bonds (sharing one pair of electrons), Double bonds (sharing two pairs of electrons), or triple bonds (sharing three pairs of electrons).

This indicator test checks for Lipids
In a positive test if Lipids are present, the solution stains fat cells red

Atoms of the same elements that have the identical number of protons in their nuclei but a different number of neutrons. The additional neutrons change the mass of the element, not the charge.

Are the two types of Fats in the Lipid category
One has only single bonds between carbon atoms and is solid at room temperature. Therefore, their structure is a straight chain
The other type has at least one double bond between carbon atoms

Comes in 20 different types
8 of these types are essential
A meal containing all of these is complete
Made up of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and sometimes sulfur
Are the building blocks of Proteins

A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine
Always formed from a specific combination of elements in a fixed ratio
Cannot be broken down into by physical means, but can be broken down by chemical means.

This indicator test checks for Proteins
In a positive test containing proteins, the solution turns a light purple or violet color

An organized representation of the elements
Shows their relationship to one another
Horizontal rows are called periods
Vertical columns are called groups

Structural Support
Protection
Regulation
Defense
Transport
Send cellular signals
Make up skin, muscle and hair

Examples include: Fats, oils and waxes that are insoluble in water
Primarily function as storage for energy
Make up phospholipids
Make up water proof coverings
Serve as chemical messengers
Basic structure is a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acid tails

Acts as a catalyst: (Lowers activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction)
Speeds up rate of chemical reactions
Don't increase amount of product made
Is a protein
Essential to life
Is reusable
Works with a particular substrate

A simpler test that checks for Lipids
In a positive test if Lipids are present, the material will dry translucent
In a negative test if Lipids are absent, the material will dry a normal color

The force of attraction between two separate materials
Helps to create surface tension
In the case of water, it forms hydrogen bonds with molecules on other surfaces. This results in capillary action.

Protons: Positively charged particles that are found in the nucleus or center of the atom
Neutrons: Particles with no charge that are found in the nucleus or center of the atom
Electrons: Negatively charged particles that are found in the orbital

Store and transmit genetic information
Made up of nucleotides
Made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and hydrogen
Examples include: DNA & RNA
Structure of its monomer is phosphate, a nitrogenous base, and a ribose 5 carbon sugar

Reorganizing atoms into different substances or combinations
Chemical bonds are broken during this
Clues that indicate this are: The production of heat or light/ The formation of a gas, liquid or solid

This indicator test checks for Simple Sugars
In a positive test where Simple Sugars are present, the solution turns from a clear blue to a cloudy and foggy orange.

The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction
This can be lowered using catalysts.
Least energy amount needed to start a chemical reaction

pH levels
Temperatures
Other interfering substances/ foreign substances