The process of choosing which sensory information to focus on

The process of receiving, constructing meaning form, and responding to spoken and/ or nonverbal message

occurs when interdependent parties perceive that they have incompatible interest related to the distribution of limited resources

an idealized schema

The process by which one recognizes what sensory input represents

sensing, understanding, evaluating, responding

criticism
defensiveness
contempt
stonewalling

the tendency to give one's self more credit than is due when good things happen and to accept too little responsibility for those things that go wrong

the act of assigning meaning to sensory information

(healthy reason) improve your memory,
(academic) it can enhance academic performance,
(professional) it can enhance personal relationship, more satisfy patient, fewer misunderstanding,

behavior
personality characteristics
relationship rules

a listening style that reflects an interest in detailed and complex information, simply for the content itself

Prototypes and scripts

Noisy, physical discomforts, tiredness
Hearing disability, preoccupation,

talking about the ways in which you and your partner communicate with one another

a listening style that is associated with friendly, open communication and an interest in establishing ties with others'

label and stereotyping

Action Oriented Listening Style
Content-oriented listening style
People-oriented listening style
Time-oriented listening style

minimize negative interpretations
take others’ perspectives
balance your relationship
focus on interests, not positions
listen actively

attacking the partner's personality or character