lesson plans, textbooks, differentiation, methods, media, exercises/tasks, assessments, teaching methodology

“brief descriptions of situations in which there is a problem of cross-cultural adaptation or a misunderstanding, problem, or conflict arising from cultural differences between interacting parties”

Contextualisation, Elaboration, Processing

Texts that are graded down to a certain level appropriate for the readers

providing feedback for growth, teacher knows what students understood and what might has to be explained once more, motivation/pressure to learn

by examining certain aspects we can improve our teaching and make it more efficient

Above Level: Visible/Surface Culture. Food, Dress, Drama, language, Celebrations
Below Level: Not Visible/deep Culture. Courtesy, concept of time, personal space, notions of adolescence, attitudes, notions of leadership etc.

Lernausgangslage, Sachanalyse, Didaktische Analyse, Methodische Analyse

e.g it provides meaningful context, involves a good range of vocabulary&grammar, appeals to the imagination/creativity, encourages perspective switch

Summative: Monitor student's learning at a given point in time. Product oriented
Formative: Monitor student's learning over a period of time. Process oriented. Helps teachers recognize strengths and weaknesses

inductive = observe something while e.g. teaching and then researching that further
Deductive = try to verify or falsify a hypothesis

Contextualisation: anchoring activities in a cultural context, the cultural information is not really the focus and plays an implicit role
Confrontation: explicit discussion of and focus in cultural information followed by activities that target this input, focus on knowledge
Contrasting: learners compare different aspects of their and the target culture and gain a new perspective on both cultures through comparison, focus on knowledge, attitudes, interpreation, cultural awareness
Coordination: targets learners' ability to look beyond their own cultural perspective, focus on knowledge, attitudes, interpretation, cultural awareness

Contextualization: Establishing a situational/contextual framework for the topic of the lesson. Creating a communicative situation
Elaboration: Students deepen their understanding of the new content through various activities
Processing: productive use of the new information

frequency of the vocabulary items, complexity and variations of grammatical structures, density and complexity of the plot, degree of explicitness, total length, amount of repetitions

Validity: How accurately a method measures (does what it wants to do)
Reliability: How consistently it measures (2 times, same conditions, same results)
Objectivity: Independence from the tester

hermeneutic research = analysis and interpretation of different texts and secondary literature in order to answer a question or hypothesis
Empirical research = collecting data through observation, interviews, questionnaires

High-Context: implicit understandings ,indirect communication, non-verbal cues are often used, silence can have great meaning. "Boy, it is hot in here" (open a window please)
Low-Context: Explicit understandings, direct communication, Verbal cues are often used "Open a window please"

students can open their lunchboxes, ask what food they have with them, collect word cards on the board, ask for favorite food

PRE: Predict the content: Based on the title and your initial impressions, make predictions about what the reading will cover. Consider what questions you expect the text to answer.
WHILE: Take notes: Summarize each section or paragraph in your own words. Jot down any connections you make or insights you gain from the reading. This encourages active reading and helps with retention.
POST: Creativity: finish the story, write a monologue for a character, create a mood board, etc.

Open Activities:
Definition: more freedom and flexibility, multiple possible outcomes or solutions, allowing students to explore, create, and think critically
Advantages: Encourages creativity, Encourages active learning, Supports individualized learning

Closed Activities:
Definition: specific correct answers, more structured and focused on achieving specific learning objectives or assessing specific knowledge or skills
Advantages: Provides clear learning objectives, provide a clear basis for assessing student performance, can be used to practice and reinforce specific skills, such as vocabulary, or grammar rules

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