Lab Values | S/S | S/S | Cause | Cause |
---|---|---|---|---|
What is 135-145
Na+
|
What is confusion, altered LOC, anxiety, and nausea & vomiting
Hyponatremia
|
What is dry mucous membranes, lethargy, thirst
Hypernatremia
|
What is decreased sodium or increased water intake and retention or excessive vomiting and diarrhea
Hyponatremia
|
What is increased sodium or loss of body water, fever or respiratory infection
Hypernatremia
|
What is 3.5-5.0
K+
|
What is abd pain, cardiac dysrhythmias, and paralytic ileus
Hypokalemia
|
What is cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle weakness, lethargy, hypotension
Hyperkalemia
|
What is poor diet, nausea and vomiting, excessive sweating, diuretic therapy
Hypokalemia
|
What is burns, crush injuries, uncontrolled DM, digoxin toxicity, K sparing diuretics, and renal failure
Hyperkalemia
|
What is 8.2-10.2
Ca+
|
What is Chvostek's sign, Trousseau's sign, parethesias, seizures, wheezing and difficulty swallowing
Hypocalcemia
|
What is anorexia, abd pain, renal calculi, fractures
Hypercalcemia
|
What is nutritional deficiencies of Calcium and Vitamin, and metastatic cancer of the bone
Hypocalcemia
|
What is hyperthyroidism and multiple myeloma
Hypercalcemia
|
What is 1.6-2.6
Mg+
|
What is Chvostek's sign, Trousseau's sign, twitching, hypocalcemia, and hyponatremia
Hypomagnesemia
|
What is hypotension, paralysis, respiratory depression, and cardiac dysfunction
Hypermagnesemia
|
What is malabsorption, malnutrition, renal tubular dysfunction, thiazide diuretic, gastric suction, diarrhea, alcoholism
Hypomagnesemia
|
What is renal failure
Hypermagnesemia
|
What is 96-106
Cl-
|
What is severe vomiting
Hypochloremia
|
None Stated
Hyperchloremia
|
What is hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
|
What is hypernatremia
Hyperchloremia
|